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Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - MCAT MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test Biochemistry for MCAT - Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function for MCAT 2024 is part of Biochemistry for MCAT preparation. The Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function questions and answers have been prepared according to the MCAT exam syllabus.The Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function MCQs are made for MCAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function below.
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Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 1

When glucose is in a straight-chain formation, it:

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 1

Glucose is an aldohexose, meaning that it has one aldehyde group and six carbons. Given this information, choices (A) and (B) can be eliminated. In aldose sugars, each nonterminal carbon is chiral. Therefore, glucose has four chiral centers, not five, as mentioned in choice (C). The number of stereoisomers possible for a chiral molecule is 2n, where n is the number of chiral carbons. Because glucose has four chiral centers, there are 24 = 16 possible stereoisomers.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 2

Aldonic acids are compounds that:

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 2

Aldonic acids form after the aldehyde group on a reducing sugar reduces another compound, becoming oxidized in the process.

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Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 3

Ketose sugars may have the ability to act as reducing sugars. Which process explains this?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 3

Ketose sugars undergo tautomerization, a rearrangement of bonds, to undergo keto-enol shifts. This forms an aldose, which then allows them to act as reducing sugars. A ketone group alone cannot be oxidized. Anomerization, mentioned in choice (C), refers to ring closure of a monosaccharide, creating an anomeric carbon.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 4

Which of the following enzymes cleaves polysaccharide chains and yields maltose exclusively?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 4

β-Amylase cleaves amylose at the nonreducing end of the polymer to yield maltose exclusively, while α-amylase, choice (A), cleaves amylose anywhere along the chain to yield short polysaccharides, maltose, and glucose. Debranching enzyme, choice (C), removes oligosaccharides from a branch in glycogen or starches, while glycogen phosphorylase, choice (D), yields glucose 1-phosphate.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 5

Why is the α-anomer of d-glucose less likely to form than the β-anomer?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 5

The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of the β-anomer is equatorial, thereby creating less steric hindrance than the α-anomer, which has the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon in axial position.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 6

Which of the following is digestible by humans and is made up of only one type of monosaccharide?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 6

While maltose and cellobiose both have the same glucose subunits, only maltose is digestible by humans because β-glycosidic linkages cannot be cleaved in the human body.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 7

The cyclic forms of monosaccharides are:
I. hemiacetals.
II. hemiketals.
III. acetals.

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 7

Monosaccharides can exist as hemiacetals or hemiketals, depending on whether they are aldoses or ketoses. When a monosaccharide is in its cyclic form, the anomeric carbon is attached to the oxygen in the ring and a hydroxyl group. Hence, it is only a hemiacetal or hemiketal because an acetal or ketal would require the –OH group to be converted to another –OR group.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding carbohydrates?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 8

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They serve as a major source of energy in living organisms.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 9

Which of the following is the simplest form of carbohydrates?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 9

The simplest form of carbohydrates consists of aldehyde and ketone groups. These functional groups are present in monosaccharides, the basic building blocks of carbohydrates.

Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

Detailed Solution for Test: Carbohydrate Structure and Function - Question 10

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed into smaller units. Glucose is a common monosaccharide and an important energy source in biological systems.

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