Test: Chemical Coordination & Integration - 1 - NEET MCQ

• LH and FSH stimulate the gonadal activity and are therefore referred to as gonadotrophins.
• In males, LH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of hormones called androgens from the testis.

Hormones are generally proteincomponents having amino acids as well as steroids. Hormones are generally not monosaccharide derivatives in nature

Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. Similarly, glucagon also stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis which also contributes to hyperglycemia.

Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) influence the metabolism of calcium inside the body. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) absorption of calcium in bone.

Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids andprotein. This hormone is released from adrenal gland.

The persons living in hilly areas generally suffer from goiter disease. Goiter is caused due to iodine deficiency which may leads to cretinism. Goiter never leads to myxoedema or hyperthyroidism/Grave’s disease.

Water- soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides e.g. thyroid- stimulating hormone, follicle- stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and insulin.
These molecules are not lipid- soluble and therefore they are not able to diffuse through cell membranes so they bind with the cell membrane bound receptors.

The hormone secreted by pars intemedia of hypophysis is melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH).MSH is a peptide hormone also knownas melanotropins.

Correct Answer :- d

Explanation : Aldosterone is a chemical acts slowly, requiring hours to take effect. It may pass in and out of many cells in which they have no effect.

Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure.

• FSH stimulates the growth and development of the ovarian follicles in females.
• LH induces ovulation of fully mature follicles and maintains the corpus luteum, formed from the remnants of Graafian follicles after ovulation in females.

Adrenaline hormone is called fight and flight hormone. Oxytocin is called birth hormone. Ecdyson is called moulting hormone and prolactin is called as luteotropic hormone.

The process of parturition begins after completion of gestation period. The muscles present in uterus start contracting due to release of hormone relaxin and Oxytocin.

Hypothyroidism causes defective development and maturation of the growing baby leading to stunted growth (cretinism), mental retardation, low intelligence quotient, abnormal skin, deaf-mutism, etc.

Thyroid is the largest endocrine gland present in human body. This gland release thyroxin hormone that help in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

• Assertion: A tumor of the adrenal cortex typically causes overproduction of adrenal hormones, such as cortisol (Cushing's syndrome) or aldosterone (Conn's syndrome). Addison's disease, on the other hand, is caused by underproduction of adrenal hormones, not overproduction. Thus, a tumor of the adrenal cortex is unlikely to cause Addison's disease.
• Reason: Addison's disease is characterized by under-secretion of cortisol, not over-secretion. The reason provided is incorrect.

The atrial wall of our heart secretes a very important peptide hormone called ANF. The juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce a peptide hormone called erythropoietin. The gastro-intestinal tract secrete peptide hormone called CCK

- The thymus gland is located  near the heart and beneath the breastbone
- The thymus gland is lobular in structure.
- It is an essential organ for the development of the immune system, particularly important in early life but gradually degenerates in old age.

Androgens regulate the development, maturation, and function of male accessory sex organs (epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra). They stimulate muscular growth, facial and axillary hair growth, aggressiveness, and a low-pitched voice. Androgens play a key role in spermatogenesis and influence male sexual behavior (libido). They also have anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

The correct answer is B: Thymus - starts undergoing atrophy after puberty.

- Thymus gland is part of the immune system and produces T-lymphocytes.
- Atrophy means the decrease in size or wasting away of an organ.
- After puberty, the thymus gradually shrinks in size and becomes less active.
- This process is normal as the production of T-cells decreases with age.
- The thymus still plays a role in immune function even though it undergoes atrophy.

The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex is the zona reticularis, which is responsible for producing certain hormones.