Test: Chemical Coordination & Integration - 1

A gland that contain both exocrine and endocrine portion is called mixed or composite gland. These glands secretes both hormone and enzymes.

Pineal gland is not an example of composite gland.

Insulin is anabolic hormone because this hormone helps in conversion of glucose into glycogen.

Transverse section of thyroid gland shows mark (1) as follicular epithelium, mark (2) as colloid containingthyroglobuin and mark (3) as clear cells.

Hormones are generally proteincomponents having amino acids as well as steroids. Hormones are generally not monosaccharide derivatives in nature

Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis. Similarly, glucagon also stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis which also contributes to hyperglycemia.

Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) influence the metabolism of calcium inside the body. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) absorption of calcium in bone.

Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids andprotein. This hormone is released from adrenal gland.

The persons living in hilly areas generally suffer from goiter disease. Goiter is caused due to iodine deficiency which may leads to cretinism. Goiternever leads to myxedemaor hypothyroidism.

Water- soluble hormones include glycoproteins, catecholamines and peptide hormones composed of polypeptides e.g. thyroid- stimulating hormone, follicle- stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and insulin.
These molecules are not lipid- soluble and therefore they are not able to diffuse through cell membranes so they bind with the cell membrane bound receptors.

The hormone secreted by pars intemedia of hypophysis is melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH).MSH is a peptide hormone also knownas melanotropins.

Correct Answer :- d

Explanation : Aldosterone is a chemical acts slowly, requiring hours to take effect. It may pass in and out of many cells in which they have no effect.

Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure.

Secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by decrease in sodium ion concentration in theplasma. Aldosterone secretion also decrease the volume of blood due to more absorption of water during filtration in kidney.

Adrenal medulla consists of a cluster of sympathetic nerves and those cells are also known as chromaffin cells. Adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal gland located at the center of the adrenal gland.

Adrenaline hormone is called fight and flight hormone. Oxytocin is called birth hormone. Ecdyson is called moulting hormone and prolactin is called as luteotropic hormone.

Suprarenal glands represents two endocrine glands arranged in one organ. It outer region secretes steroid hormones. It is also known as gland of emergency.

The process of parturition begins after completion of gestation period. The muscles present in uterus start contracting due to release of hormone relaxin and Oxytocin.

Hypothyroidism causes defective development and maturation of the growing baby leading to stunted growth (cretinism), mental retardation, low intelligence quotient, abnormal skin, deaf-mutism, etc.

Thyroid is the largest endocrine gland present in human body. This gland release thyroxin hormone that help in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

The atrial wall of our heart secretes a very important peptide hormone called ANF. The juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce a peptide hormone called erythropoietin. The gastro-intestinal tract secrete peptide hormone called CCK

Adrenal cortex is situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through production of aldosterone and cortisol. If a person got injured his adrenal gland may die due to loss of stress responsewhich will be reveled in report.