Test: Chemical Coordination & Integration - 2

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to triggerphysiological changes. Noble prize was awarded to Wilbur Sutherlandfor discovery of second messengers.

Parathormoneis a polypeptide hormone. Oxytocin is peptide hormone. Sex hormone is a steroid hormone and Norepinephrine is a amino acid derivative.

pituitary thyroid hormone is also called as collip’s hormone. Cortisol is called as glucocorticoid hormone. Aldosterone is called as mineralocorticoid andsomatostatin is called as inhibiting hormone.

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to trigger physiological changes. Nitrogen oxide (NO) acts as second messenger

Thymus gland produces a hormone called thymosin which stimulates the T-cells. T-cells help in producing antibodies in the bodies. In older people weaker immune power is due to degeneration of thymus gland.

The Prolactin inhibiting neurohormone is dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps control the brain’s reward and pleasure centers.

Endocrine system corrects the imbalance originally detected by the nervous system. Nerve cells and endocrine cells exist side by side in adrenal gland and pituitary gland.

Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin.

Pituitary dwarf hormone will show normal intelligence, stunned growth and inhibited growth of long bones. Pituitary dwarfs will no show mental retardation.

Glucose will be lost in the urine of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. It a chronic lifelong condition that affects our body abilityto use the energy found in blood.

A hormone called Prolactin secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain is responsible for the alveoli making milk. Prolactin rises when the baby suckles. There is another hormone called Oxytocin that causes tiny muscles around the alveoli to squeeze the milk via small tubes called milk ducts.

Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy. It must be controlled to protect baby’s growth and development. This kind of diabetes never leads to develop type-1 diabetes.

Glucagon hormone released from pancreas increase the sugar level in blood in case deficiency in of glucose. Parathyroid hormone is not hypocalcemin and TSH is not a neurohormone.

The body keeps its core temperature constant at about 37 degree Celsius by physiological adjustment controlled by hypothalamus, so called thermostat center.

Oral contraceptive pill contain estrogen and progesteronethat prevents the release of secondary oocyte from ovary. The secondary oocytedevelops to female egg or ovum. Use of these pills prevents the ovum formation.

Parathyroid hormone is released from parathyroid glands that regulate calcium ions in the body. The person suffering from tumor of parathyroid show symptoms of osteoporosis anddeposition of calcium in kidney tubules.

Leptin hormone acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake, stimulate satiety and increase energy output.Leptin hormone is made by adipose cells.

Hormones are released in trace amount from endocrine glands and to exert theireffect on the target cell, water soluble hormones will need to bind with cell membrane boundreceptors.

Development of secondary sexual characters like beard, moustaches , hoarse voice etc in girls is called adrenal virilism. This occurs due to excessive secretion of adrenaline hormone.

Follicle stimulating hormone acts on sertoli cells. Luteinsing hormone acts on interstitial cells. Cortisol cells acts on liver and Aldosterone hormone acts on kidney tubule.