Test: Civil Engineering- 1 - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ

In 1841, Boucherie presented a process for preserving wood by forcing a solution of sulphate of copper through the cells of the wood under hydrostatic pressure applied at one end of freshly cut and unbarked logs, so as to remove the sap and replace it by the solution of copper. Since then impregnation with sulphate of copper has been generally known as the “Boucherie Process”.

This process is used for the treatment of green timber.

Plasticizers or dispersants are additives that increase the plasticity or decrease the viscosity of a material. These are the substances which are added in order to alter their physical properties. These are either liquids with low volatility or maybe even solids. They decrease the attraction between polymer chains to make them more flexible. Plasticizers are colourless liquids like vegetable oil with a faint odour, and they are insoluble in water. They are, however, miscible in mineral oil, hexane, and most organic solvents.

Bricks having the size of (19 × 9 × 9) cm is known as a modular brick. As per CPWD specifications, use of modular bricks is recommended. While under burnt bricks and jhumb bricks are highly objectionable.

Dimension Test is done as per procedures laid down in IS 1077.

Water Absorption Test is done as per procedures laid down in IS 3495: Part II.

Compressive Strength Test is done as per procedures laid down in IS 3495: Part I.

Warpage Test is done as per procedures laid down in IS 3495: Part IV.

Composition of Good Brick earth are:

1. Silica = 50-60%

2. Alumina = 20-30%

3. Lime =  5 to 10%

4. Oxide of Iron = <5%

5. Magnesia = <1%

Preservation of timber is carried to achieve the following three objectives:

1. Increase the life of timber

2. Make the timber durable

3. Protect the timber structures from the attack of destroying agencies such as fungi insects.

Most deciduous trees have broad, well defined, wide and flat leaves. These leaves often change colour when they are about to shed. Deciduous trees are also tall and majestic in their form.These leaves fall in autumn and new ones appear in springs. They yield strong wood and hence they are commonly used in building construction.

Exogenous trees are outward growing trees while Endogenous trees are inward growing trees. Some common examples are:

Endogenous Trees: bamboo, palm, cane etc.

Exogenous Trees: Pine, Fir, redwood, spruce, deodar, cedar, Maple, Mahogany, Oak, teak, walnut, babul etc.

Note: The wood derived from exogenous trees are mainly used for engineering purposes.

Foxiness: This defect is due to the yellowish or reddish stains, caused by over maturity and lack of ventilation during storage.

Heart Shakes: Radial ruptures in annual rings or splits radiating from the heart and extending towards the sapwood are called heart shakes. Shrinkage of the interior part of the timber causes this crack.

Rind gall: Rind galls are curved swellings of trees which are formed at a point where a branch of the tress is improperly removed or fell down.

knot: Bases of branches or limbs which are broken or cut off from the tree are known as Knots.

The measurement of glazing is done in square meter. The various kinds of glass shall be described in accordance with usual terms and each shall be measured separately. Measurement of glazing in wood and metal is done separately.

Rough estimate of a building based on plinth area will be:

C₁ = Plinth area x Plinth area rate

C₁ = 700 x 9000 = 6300000 Rs.

Additional 15 % charges for public health and electric services,

C₂ = 0.15 x 6300000 = 945000 Rs

Total rough estimate of the building = C₁ + C₂

= 6300000 + 945000 = 7245000.

The cost of Plastering will be:

Area of the wall = 6 x 3.75 = 22.5 square meter

Rate of Plastering per square meter = Rs 17

Cost of Plastering the 22.5 square meter area of wall = Rs 382.5

Plinth area is the covered built-up area measured at the floor level of any storey or at the floor level of the basement.

Following areas are included during measurement of plinth area:

1) Area of the wall at the floor level, excluding plinth offsets.

2) Areas of the internal shaft for sanitary installations and garbage chute, electrical, telecom and firefighting services

3) Vertical duct for air conditioning and lift well including landing

4) Staircase room or head room other than terrace level

5) Area of barsati at terrace level

Following areas are not included during measurement of plinth area:

1) Additional floor for seating in assembly buildings, theatres, auditoriums

2) Cantilevered porch, Balcony, Area of loft, Internal sanitary shaft and garbage shaft

3) Area of architectural band, cornice, Open platform etc.

4) Towers, turrets, domes projecting above the terrace level at terrace

Annual Depreciation is given by:

C = Cost Price of Machine = Rs 15,00000

V = Salvage value = Rs 2,25,000

n = estimated life of machine in years = 15

Book value (B) is given by:

B = C - nD

n = No. of years after which Book value is to be computed

B = 1500000 - 6 x 85000

B = 990000

Carpet area is the usable area within the walls of the property unit where we can lay carpet.

Items Included in the carpet area of the building are:

i) Rooms: Living rooms, Bedrooms, study, dining room, Dressing room, Other room etc.

ii) Kitchen and Bathrooms

iii) Stores and Balconies

iv) staircases within the property unit

Items not Included in the carpet area of the building are:

i) External & Internal walls

ii) Utility ducts

iii) Common areas

iv) Terrace

Dimensions shall be measured nearest to a cm except for the thickness of slab, sectional dimension of column and beam which shall be measured correct to 0.5 cm. The areas shall be worked out nearest to 0.01 sq.mt. The cubical contents shall be worked out to nearest 0.01 cubic metre.

Clam shell is a machine used for Excavating. Clam shell is a bucket or grapple (as on a dredge) having two hinged jaws.

Hoe can be used to excavate relatively stiffer earth from a depth below the standing level of the equipment. 

Drag line can be used to collect the loose material from a much larger depths.

Power shovel can be used to excavate the loose earth material effectively and can be used in undulating grounds because it has a crawler mounting.

Detailed estimate is the most accurate method and consist of working out the quantities of each of item of works and working the cost.

The dimensions are taken directly from the drawings and quantities of each item are calculated.

Finally abstracting and billing is done.

Given volume = 100*.012 = 1.2cum.
Increase mortar by 30% = 1.56cum.
For volume of dry mortar increase 25%= 1.56+ (1.56*.25) = 1.95cum.
Now proportion = 1:6.
k+6k=7k.
So volume of cement = (1/7) * 1.95 = 0.2785.

A triangle is stated to be a well-conditioned triangle when no angle in it is less than 30^o or greater than 120^o.

A triangle in which any angle of the triangle is less than 30^o or greater than 120^o is known as ILL conditioned triangle.

Option 4 alone fulfil the condition of well condition triangle.

Magnetic Declination is the horizontal angle between true meridian and magnetic meridian. Declination = +4°20’, magnetic bearing = 52°40’, then here, true bearing is difference of both i.e 52°40’ - 4°20′ = 48°20’

1 acre = 4850 sq yds

1 acre = 43560 sq ft

1 acre = 40 gunthas

1 gunter’s chain = 66 feet

1 square gunter’s chain = 66 × 66 = 4356 ft²

10 square gunter’s chain = 4356 × 10 = 43560 ft²

Also,

1 acre = 43560 sq ft

So, 1 acres = 10 square gunter’s chain

R.L of B = R.L of A + Difference in elevation
= 100 + [(1.5−1.0)+(1.35−0.850)]/2 
= 100.5 m

Total closing error(c) 

Sum of latitude = 0.4 m

Sum of Departure = 0.3 m
 

C = 0.5m

Relative error of closure or Relative precision of this traverse  = c/p

p ⇒ Perimeter of traverse = 1 km = 1000 m

Relative precision

Instruments used in Plane Table surveying are:

1. Alidade for sighting

2. Plumb bob and Plumb fork

3. Compass

4. Spirit level

5. Chain

6. Ranging rod

7. Tripod

Note: Alidade is a straight edge ruler having some form of sighting device. One edge of the ruler is bevelled and is graduated. Always this edge is used for drawing line of sight.

Systematic or cumulative errors which occur from well-understood causes can be reduced by adopting suitable methods. It follows some definite mathematical or physical law and a correction can be determined and applied.

Accidental errors are those which remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated and are caused by a combination of reasons beyond the ability of the observer to control.

Personal errors arise from the limitations of the human senses such as sight, touch and hearing.

Both accidental and personal error represents the limit of precision in the determination of a value. They obey the law of probability and therefore the theory of errors and adjustments applies to them.

In the three-point problem, if the orientation of the plane table is not proper, the intersection of the resectors through the three points will not meet at a point but will form a triangle, known as the triangle of error. The size of the triangle of error depends upon the amount of angular error in the orientation. This triangle of error will reduce to a point by trial and error.

∴ Reduced level of station,

Q = Reduced level of P + h

= 100.00 + 1 = 101.000 m