Test: Class 12 History NCERT Based- 3

The high respect shown by Akbar towards the members of the Jesuit mission impressed them deeply. They interpreted the emperor’s open interest in the doctrines of Christianity as a Sign of his acceptance of their faith. This can be understood in the light of the prevailing Climate of religious intolerance in Western Europe.

Monserrate remarked that “the king cared little that in allowing everyone to follow his religion he was in reality violating all”. Akbar was curious about Christianity and dispatched an embassy to Goa to invite Jesuit Priests.

Shah Jahan in his eighth regnal year asked Muhammad Amin Qazvini to write an official History of his reign and he completed his Badshahnama in 1636, which covers the first ten (lunar) years of Shah Jahan’reign.

Jalaluddin Tabatabai wrote another Badshahnama, but the extant portion of the text covers Only four years, from fifth to eighth regnal year of the emperor. The project was later given to Abdul Hamid Lahori, who wrote his Badshahnama in two volumes.

The first volume of this Work is based upon Qazvini’s work but has more details. The second volume covers the next Ten (lunar) years of Shah Jahan’s reign. He completed his work in 1648. Lahori died in 1654.

Muhammad Waris, a pupil of Lahori was given the responsibility to complete the task and his Badshahnama (completed in 1656) covers the rest of the period of Shah Jahan’s reign. His Work was published by the Asiatic Society as the third volume of the Badshahnama of Lahori.

Mughal chronicles such as the Akbar Nama written in Persian, others, like Babur’s Memoirs, were translated from the Turkish into the Persian Babur Nama. Translations of Sanskrit texts such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana into Persian were commissioned By the Mughal emperors.

The Mahabharata was translated as the Razmnama (Book of Wars) Abu’l-Hasan (or Abu al-Hasan) (1589 – c. 1630), from Delhi, India, was a Mughal painter of Miniatures in the reign of Jahangir.Abu al-Hasan was initially trained by the emperor himself in his large studios and workshops But soon surpassed his father and his employer.

Jahangir said of him that he had no equal and Bestowed the title Nadir-uz-Saman (“Wonder of the Age”) on him.

The chaudhuri means in charge of revenue collection. They were not a part of Mughal Household. The term “harem” is frequently used to refer to the domestic world of the Mughals. It Originates in the Persian word haram, meaning a sacred place.

The Mughal household Consisted of the emperor’s wives and concubines, his near and distant relatives (mother, step- and foster-mothers, sisters, daughters, daughters-in-law, aunts, children, Etc.), and female servants and slaves.

In the Mughal household a distinction was maintained between wives who came from Royal families (begams), and other wives (aghas) who were not of noble birth. Apart from wives, numerous male and female slaves populated the Mughal household.

The tasks they performed varied from the most mundane to those requiring skill, tact And intelligence. Slave eunuchs (khwajasara) moved between the external and internal Life of the household as guards, servants, and also as agents for women dabbling in Commerce.

The bazaar of Chandni Chowk,the throbbing centre of Shahjahanabad, was designed by Jahanara.

Chandrabhan Barahman described the Mughal nobility in his book Char Chaman (Four Gardens) was written during the reign of Shah Jahan

Awards included the robe of honour (khilat), a Garment once worn by the emperor and imbued with his Benediction. One gift, the sarapa (“head to foot”), consisted Of a tunic, a turban and a sash (patka).

Jewelled ornaments Were often given as gifts by the emperor. The lotus blossom Set with jewels (padma murassa) was given only in Exceptional circumstances.A courtier never approached the emperor empty handed:He offered either a small sum of money (nazr ) or a large Amount (peshkash).

Qandahar was a bone of contention between the Safavids and the Mughals. The Fortress-town had initially been in the possession of Humayun, reconquered in 1595 by Akbar.In the winter of 1622 during reign of Jahangir, Persian army besieged Qandahar.

The ill-Prepared Mughal garrison was defeated and had to surrender the fortress and the city To the Safavids. Perfecting prelims: Previous year questions from this chapter-

In 1851 Governor General Lord Dalhousie described the kingdom of Awadh as “a cherry that will drop into our mouth one day”. Five years later, in 1856, the kingdom was formally annexed to the British Empire.

Satara state was a short-lived Princely state created by the British in 1818 after the Third Anglo-Maratha War and annexed by them in 1849 using the Doctrine of lapse. The state was ruled by descendants of Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire.

At the time of its adoption, the British East India Company had imperial administrative jurisdiction over wide regions of the subcontinent.

The company took over the princely states of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Nagpur and Jhansi (1854), Tore and Arcot (1855) and Udaipur (Chhattisgarh) under the terms of the doctrine of lapse. Oudh (1856)

Jhansi - Rani Laxmibai; Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mehal; Jagdishpur (Bihar)- Kunwar Singh. Most of the Punjab, Rajputana (Chittor) and Kashmir remained peaceful Nizam. of Hyderabad, Gulab Singh of Kashmir, Sikh rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind, Holkar of Indore, Scindia of Gwalior, Nawab of Bhopal, Rulers of Tehri and Tikamgarh in order to retain their position and state, helped the British to suppress the revolt of 1857.