Test: Class 9 History NCERT Based- 1 - UPSC MCQ

The Taungya cultivation was a system of cultivation in which local farmers were allowed to cultivate temporarily within a plantation.

The first Inspector General of forests was Dietrich Brandis, a German, who was invited by the British for expert advice on the use of forests as they were worried that the use of forests by local people and reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy the forests.

The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906. The system taught there included scientific forestry. In scientific forestry natural forests which had different types of trees were cut down and one type of tree was planted in straight rows.

One of the major impacts of European colonialism was the practice of shifting cultivation. 
In India, dhya, penda, besar, nevada, podu, kumru are the local terms for shifting cultivation. In shifting cultivation parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains and the crop is harvested by October - November.

In 1947 Bastar kingdom was merged with Kanker kingdom and became bastar district in Madhya Pradesh. In 1998, it was divided into three districts - Kanker, Bastar and Dantewada. IN 2001, these became part of Chattisgarh, The 1910 rebellion first started in the Kanger forest area and soon spread to other parts of the state.

1789 - Convocation of Estates General, Third Estate forms the National Assembly.

1791-  Formation of a constitution to limit King's powers and guarantee of basic rights to all.

1792-93 - France becomes a republic, overthrowing the Jacobian republic.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen included the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law, were established as natural and inalienable rights that belonged to each human being by birth and could not be taken away.

The new elected Assembly called the Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic on 21 September 1792. There is no hereditary monarchy now.

Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of treason.

On 21 January 1793, Louis XVI was executed publicly at the Place de la Concorde.

The period of 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror where a policy of severe control and punishment was followed by Robespierre.  All those who were seen as enemies of the republic - ex nobles, clergy, members of other political parties were arrested, imprisoned and tried by a revolutionary tribunal.

Olympe de Gouges was one of the most important of the politically active women in revolutionary France. She protested against the constitution and Declaration of rights of man and citizen as they excluded women from basic rights that each human being was entitled to .

She wrote a Declaration of Rights of Woman and Citizen addressed to the Queen and members of the National Assembly. In 1793, She criticised the Jacobian government for forcible closing down women’s clubs. She was tired by the National convention which charged her for treason

On November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, which is why the event is often referred to as the October Revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d'état against the Duma's provisional government.

Weakness of the Provisional Government, economic and social problems and continuation of the war led to growing unrest and support for the Soviets. Led by Lenin, the Bolsheviks seized power.

The allied powers led by the UK and France were joined by the USSR and USA in 1941. They fought against the Axis power namely Germany, Italy and Japan.

The allies strengthened by the entry of the US in 1917, won the deating Germany and the Central Powers in November 1918. The allied powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its power. The War guilt clause held Germany responsible for war and damages the Allied countries suffered. The allied armies occupied the resource rich Rhineland for much of the 1920s.

On march 3rd, 1933, the famous enabling act was passed which led to the establishment of dictatorship in Germany. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline parliament and rule by decree. All political parties and unions were banned except for the Nazi party and its affiliates.

In 1933 Hitler pulled out of the League of Nations, And In 1936, Hitler reoccupied the Rhineland and integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan One people, one empire and one leader. He went on to wrest German speaking Sudentenland from Czechoslovakia and gobbled up the entire country.

Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, sometimes spelled de l'Isle or de Lile, was a French army officer of the French Revolutionary Wars. He is known for writing the words and music of the Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin en 1792, which would later be known as La Marseillaise and become the French national anthem.

The Nazi ideoloy was inspired by a racial hierarchy. In this view blond, blue eyed Nordc Germans were at top while Jews were located at the lowest rung. All coloured people were placed in between depending upon their external features. Hitler’s racism borrowed from thinkers like Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer. Herbert Spencer added the ice of survival of the fittest. The Nazi argument was simple, the strongest race would survive while the weak ones would perish.

Synagogues are consecrated spaces used for the purpose of prayer, reading of the Tanakh (the entire Hebrew Bible, including the Torah), study and assembly; however, a synagogue is not necessary for worship. Halakha holds that communal Jewish worship can be carried out wherever ten Jews (a minyan) assemble. Worship can also be carried out alone or with fewer than ten people assembled together. However, halakha considers certain prayers as communal prayers and therefore they may be recited only by a minyan. In terms of its specific ritual and liturgical functions, the synagogue does not replace the long-since destroyed Temple in Jerusalem.

November 1918 - Proclamation of the Weimar Republic
June 1919 - Signing of the Treaty of Versailles
January 1933 - Hitler becomes the Chancellor of Germany.
June 1941 - Germany invades the USSR

The Third Recih of Dreams was written by Charlotte Beradt which described how Jews started believing in the Nazi stereotypes about them. They dreamt of their hooked noses, black hair and eyes, Jewish looks and body movements. The stereotypical images publicised in the Nazi press haunted the Jews.

Hiter was born in 1889 in Austria. In 1919, he joined the German Workers Party and later took over the organisation to rename it the National socialist German workers party. This party came to known as the Nazi party.

In 1923, Hitler made a failed attempt to seize control of Bavaria, march to Berlin and capture power. He failed, was arrested and tried for treason. The Nazis could not effectively mobile popular support till the early 1930s but It was during the great depression that Nazisim became a mass movement.

The Americans intervened and bailed Germany out of the crisis by introducing the Dawes plan, which reworked the terms of reparation to ease the financial burden on Germas. The image of Germans carrying cartloads of money to buy a loaf of bread was widely publicised evoking worldwide sympathy and this crisis came to be known as hyperinflation.

the Constitution of 1791 vested power to make laws in the National Assembly. Citizens voted for a group of electors who in turn chose the assembly. Not all citizens, however, had the right to vote. Only Men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of labourer’s wage were given the states of active citizens. The remaining men and women were classified as passive citizens.