Test: Computer - UPSC MCQ

Second-generation computers were based on Transistors instead of vacuum tubes. 1959-1965 is the period of second-generation computers.

Python is a high-level language.

• Python
  • It is a high-level language.
  • It allows programming in Object-Oriented and Procedural paradigms. 
  • The language was created by Guido van Rossum.
  • It was first released in 1991.
  • It is used for web development (server-side), software development, mathematic, and system scripting.
  • It can work on platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc

The correct answer is Third Generation.

• Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used.
• Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies.
• Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.

Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are high-level programming languages designed to be more user-friendly and require less technical knowledge compared to low-level languages like machine language and assembly language. They are often used for querying and manipulating databases, generating reports, and other specific applications. Query languages like SQL (Structured Query Language) are typical examples of fourth-generation languages.

Ctrl + A is a keyboard shortcut key used to select all files in a folder or all the content of a page. Ctrl+S is a shortcut key to save changes to a file.

Concept:-

The abacus is one of the first calculators. The development of computing and calculating devices has a lengthy history.

• Abacus, sometimes known as abaci or abacuses, is a long-used calculating tool in trade that is likely of Babylonian origin. It is a predecessor to the contemporary computer and calculator. 
• The original calculator was the ABACUS, which Chinese educators refined about 5000 years ago. which is split into two parts, one of which is small and the other large.
• Ancient Greeks and Romans utilised ABACUS to perform computations. And the Chinese improved this design, giving it the name SUAN PAN. SOROBAN is another name for ABACUS.

Vacuum tubes were employed in the first generation of computers, followed by transistors in the second generation, integrated circuits in the third generation, and microprocessors in the fourth generation.
In earlier computer generations, vacuum tubes were employed. In the first analytical engine, 10,000 vacuum tubes were used.
A vacuum tube is a device that regulates the passage of electric current between electrodes under a high vacuum after applying an electric potential difference.
Initial Vacuum Tube Radio and other audio equipment signals were amplified in the early days using vacuum tubes. This one dates from 1915. Calculating machines didn't start using tubes as switches until 1939.

The collective name for a variety of malicious variants of software, including viruses, ransomware, and spyware, is malware.
Malware, shorthand for malicious software, usually consists of cyber-attacker-developed code designed to inflict significant data and device harm or to obtain unauthorized access to a network.

Python

• It is a high-level language.
• It allows programming in Object-Oriented and Procedural paradigms. 
• The language was created by Guido van Rossum.
• It was first released in 1991.
• It is used for web development (server-side), software development, mathematic, and system scripting.
• It can work on platforms like Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc

The correct answer is Third Generation.

• Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used.
• Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies.
• Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.

PARAM 8000 is considered to be the first supercomputer developed in India.

• PARAM is a series of supercomputers developed by C-DAC in Pune.
• PARAM supercomputers developed under the leadership of Vijay P Bhatkar.
• Supercomputers developed by India are EKA, PARAM, Kabru, Blue Gene.
• Pratyush is India's fastest supercomputer.

Third Generation (1964-1977):

• This generation was introduced by the development of a small chip consisting of the capacity of the 300 transistors
• These Integrated Circuits (IC)s are popularly known as Chips.
• So it is quite obvious that the size of the computer got further reduced
• Some of the computers developed during this period were IBM-360, ICL-1900, IBM-370, and VAX-750
• Higher-level language such as BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed during this period​

Microcomputers are a type of computer that is designed for individual use. They are small, affordable, and easy to use. They have several key features that set them apart from other types of computers:

• Dual features: This option is incorrect. Microcomputers do not have dual features.


• Less memory: This option is incorrect. Microcomputers do not have less memory. In fact, they can have varying amounts of memory depending on the specific model and configuration.


• Special purpose devices: This option is correct. Microcomputers are general-purpose computers that can be used for a wide range of tasks, from word processing to gaming. They are not specialized for a specific purpose.


• Many functions: This option is incorrect. While microcomputers can perform various functions, they are not necessarily equipped with a multitude of functions. The range of functions will depend on the specific software and hardware capabilities of the microcomputer.

Therefore, the correct answer is C: special purpose devices. Microcomputers are versatile and can be used for a variety of tasks, making them suitable for individual use.

Slider

• The basic Slider has a single handle that can be moved with the mouse or the arrow keys, and it is horizontal.
• A window style that opens horizontally is a slider window.
• Using a slider or track bar, a user can set a value by dragging an indicator over the bar, often horizontally. In some circumstances, the user can also alter the setting by clicking on a particular point on the slider.
• A slider is a type of control element that employs a knob or lever that is moved horizontally to regulate a variable, such as the radio's volume or a screen's brightness.