Test: Growth of Nationalism - Class 10 MCQ

Educated Indians increasingly focused on advocating for democratic principles and self-rule, recognizing the need for a political system that represented their aspirations. This awareness was largely influenced by Western education, which introduced concepts of liberty, equality, and justice, driving many to demand independence from colonial rule and a democratic framework for governance.

The age limit for the Indian Civil Service Examination was reduced from 21 years to 19 years, making it more challenging for Indian candidates to compete. This policy change was perceived as an attempt to further marginalize Indians in favor of British candidates, which fueled discontent and mobilized educated Indians to demand greater representation and rights within the government.

The Ilbert Bill aimed to establish political equality by allowing Indian judges to try British subjects in India. Its proposal faced strong opposition from Europeans, leading to widespread protests. The eventual withdrawal of the bill angered Indians and underscored the need for a unified response to colonial injustices, further galvanizing the nationalist movement.

The excavation of Harappa and Mohenjodaro revealed the existence of an advanced ancient civilization in India dating back to around 2300 BC. These findings contributed significantly to the understanding of India's historical depth and cultural achievements, instilling a sense of pride and nationalism among Indians, countering colonial narratives that undermined India's capability for self-governance.

The British government imposed high taxes on land that did not decrease even during droughts or floods, severely impacting the livelihoods of Indian peasants. This relentless economic exploitation contributed significantly to India's impoverishment, making it one of the poorest countries under British rule. Interestingly, this exploitation laid the groundwork for rising nationalist sentiments, as peasants and other social classes began to seek changes to oppressive policies.

Jyotirao Phule was a key figure in advocating for the education of lower caste girls, challenging the caste system and promoting social equality. His efforts were part of the broader socio-religious reform movements that sought to address social injustices and empower marginalized communities, which in turn contributed to the nationalist movement's goals of equality and independence.

The educated Indian class, faced with exclusion from high government positions and limited promotion opportunities, felt increasingly alienated from the British administration. This sense of disenfranchisement led them to organize for their rights, ultimately contributing to the rise of nationalist movements as they sought representation and equality within the political system.

The rediscovery of India’s rich historical and cultural heritage, through translations of ancient texts and archaeological findings, fostered a sense of pride among Indians. This awareness countered colonial narratives that portrayed India as inferior, thus inspiring a stronger national identity and collective action towards independence. The recognition of past achievements instilled confidence in the people's ability to self-govern.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a prominent figure in the socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century. He advocated for women's rights and the abolition of practices like sati, and he emphasized the importance of education. His efforts laid the foundation for later movements that sought both social reform and national unity, illustrating the link between social change and the rise of nationalism.

The establishment of the railways significantly facilitated travel and communication across different regions of India, contributing to a growing sense of unity among diverse populations. This connectivity allowed for the easier dissemination of nationalist ideas and the mobilization of people for various political movements, thereby enhancing the overall momentum towards independence.

The Indian National Congress was established to create an all-India platform for discussing Indian issues and advocating for increased Indian representation in government. The leaders aimed to address grievances and promote national unity among diverse groups. This organization became instrumental in the struggle for independence, evolving into the principal vehicle for the nationalist movement.

The press played a crucial role in spreading ideas of liberty, equality, and independence among the Indian populace. Newspapers and magazines began to critique British policies, raising awareness and encouraging political engagement. This dissemination of information was vital in mobilizing various communities, fostering a collective national identity and demand for self-rule.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati is credited with popularizing the slogan "India for the Indians," which encapsulated the growing sentiment of nationalism and the desire for self-governance among Indians. His advocacy for Indian culture and resistance against colonial domination significantly influenced the nationalist movement, encouraging a collective identity among Indians.

The socio-religious reform movements heightened awareness among educated Indians about social issues such as caste discrimination, child marriage, and women's rights. This consciousness was crucial for fostering a sense of nationalism, as reformers encouraged people to unite against oppressive social practices and colonial rule. The movements exemplified the intersection of social reform and the quest for political independence.

British economic policies, particularly those favoring free trade, led to the decline of the Indian textile and handicraft industries. By imposing high duties on Indian goods while allowing British imports to enter duty-free, the British effectively undermined local industries, which sparked resentment and fueled nationalist sentiments among those whose livelihoods were affected.

The Arms Act of 1878 prohibited Indians from possessing arms without a valid license, while Europeans could carry weapons without such restrictions. This discriminatory legislation fostered resentment among Indians, contributing to the rise of nationalist sentiments as it highlighted the injustices of colonial rule and the inequality faced by Indians.

The removal of import duties on British goods allowed these products to flood the Indian market at lower prices, severely undermining Indian industries, particularly textiles and handicrafts. This policy contributed to widespread economic distress, prompting artisans and craftsmen to join the growing nationalist movement as they sought to reclaim their economic independence and protect their livelihoods.

The Grand Durbar, organized to proclaim Queen Victoria as Empress of India, was significant for its stark contrast to the suffering caused by the Bengal famine occurring simultaneously. The lavish expenditure on the durbar, while millions faced starvation, exemplified British indifference and deepened resentment among Indians, contributing to the burgeoning nationalist movement.

The East India Association aimed to integrate Indian citizens based on their common political interests and promote friendship between Hindus and Muslims. By advocating for organized political movements and addressing grievances against British policies, the association played a key role in fostering unity and political consciousness among Indians, laying the groundwork for future political action.

The Vernacular Press Act, passed in 1878, empowered the British government to confiscate newspapers that published material against British authorities. This act was part of a broader strategy to control public opinion and suppress dissent, which ultimately fueled nationalist sentiments as Indians recognized the need for freedom of expression. The act was eventually repealed, signaling a shift in policy as the British attempted to address growing unrest.