Test: Highway Development & Planning & Train Resistance & Rolling Stock - Civil Engineering (CE) MCQ

(i) Length of National Highways (NH)
= Area of the country/50
(ii) Length of State Highways (SH)
= Area of the state/25
= 62.5 x number of towns in the state - Area of the state/50
(iii) Length of the Major District Roads (MDR)
= Area of the State/12.5
= 90 x number of towns in the state
(iv) Total length of all categories of roads in a district i.e.
NH + SH + MDR + ODR + VR 
= Area of District x 0.82

After the first World War, motor vehicle using the roads increases. Jayakar Committee was thus, formed and recommended-
Road development should be a national interest.
 An extra tax should be levied on petrol from road users to create the road development fund Central Road Fund
To establish a semi-official, technical institution to pool technical knowledge, sharing of ideas to act as an advisory body Indian Road Congress
To create a national level institution to carry research, development works and constitution CRRI (Central Road Research Institute)

Creation of Central Road Fund -1929
National Highway Act -1956
Formation of Indian Road Congress - 1934
Creation of Highway Research Board - 1973

• Role: The Indian Road Congress (IRC) is a semiofficial body established for the purpose of controlling and standardizing roads and bridges in India.


• Functions: The IRC plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing standards for road construction, maintenance, and safety.


• Guidelines: It provides guidelines and recommendations for the design, construction, and maintenance of roads and bridges to ensure quality and safety standards are met.


• Research and Development: The IRC also promotes research and development in the field of road engineering to keep pace with technological advancements.


• Training: It conducts training programs and workshops for engineers and professionals in the road construction industry to enhance their skills and knowledge.


• Consultation: The IRC acts as a consultative body for the government and other stakeholders in matters related to road infrastructure development.

• Nagpur road plan: The road plan in Nagpur has recommended the use of a specific road pattern type.


• Recommended pattern: The recommended pattern is the star and grid pattern.


• Reasoning: This pattern allows for efficient traffic flow and organization of roads in a structured grid-like format.


• Benefits: The star and grid pattern helps in reducing congestion, improving navigation, and overall enhancing the transportation system in Nagpur.


• Implementation: By following this road pattern type, Nagpur can ensure a more systematic and organized layout for its road network.

• Nagpur road plan formulae take into account the towns with very large population: This statement is incorrect as the Nagpur road plan formulae do not specifically target towns with very large populations. The plan focuses on developing road infrastructure in a systematic and efficient manner.


• Nagpur road plan has a target road length of 32 km per 100 square km: This statement is incorrect as the target road length in the Nagpur road plan is not specified as 32 km per 100 square km. The plan aims to improve connectivity and accessibility through strategic road development.


• Second 20 year plan has provided 1600 km of expressways out of the proposed National highway: This statement is correct. The Second 20-year plan includes the development of 1600 km of expressways as part of the proposed National highway network. This initiative aims to enhance transportation efficiency and connectivity.


• Second 20 year plan allowed deduction of length of railway track in the area while calculating the length of roads: This statement is incorrect. The Second 20-year plan does not deduct the length of railway tracks in the area while calculating the length of roads. The plan focuses on expanding road infrastructure to meet the growing demands of the region.

2-8-2 means 2 boggie carriers, 8 central or driving or coupled wheels and 2 rear or trailing wheels.
Thus, number of axles 

Number of driving axles = 8/4 =4
Hauling capacity = (0.25 x 4 x 22.5 = 22.5)

Hauling capacity = 0.2 x 22 x 3 = 13.2t

Maximum load pulled

• Station Yards in India: Station yards are the areas in railway stations where trains are parked, assembled, and disassembled.


• Minimum Gradient of 1 in 1000: This means that for every 1000 units of horizontal distance, there is a vertical rise of 1 unit.


• Purpose of Minimum Gradient: The minimum gradient of 1 in 1000 is provided in station yards for specific reasons.

• Avoiding Movement of Standing Wagons: The gradient helps in preventing the movement of standing wagons due to heavy wind blows. The slight slope ensures that the wagons stay in place.


• Easy Starting of Trains: The gradient makes it easier for trains to start moving as less extra pull is required for such gradients. It reduces the strain on locomotives.


• Easy Stopping of Trains: The gradient also aids in the easy stopping of trains running at high speeds. It allows for smoother braking and reduces wear and tear on brake systems.


• Easy Draining of Water: Another reason for providing the minimum gradient is to facilitate the easy draining of water in station yards. The slope helps in directing water flow away from the tracks and yard area.

• Overall, the minimum gradient of 1 in 1000 in station yards in India serves multiple purposes such as preventing wagon movement, aiding in train operations, facilitating water drainage, and ensuring safety and efficiency in railway operations.