Test: Logical Deductions - 1
10 Questions MCQ Test Logical Reasoning (LR) and Data Interpretation (DI) | Test: Logical Deductions - 1
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Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes.
Conclusions:
I. Male athletes can play.
II. Some athletes can play.
Conclusions:
I. Male athletes can play.
II. Some athletes can play.
Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, neither conclusion follows.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: All mangoes are golden in colour. No golden-coloured things are cheap.
Conclusions:
I. All mangoes are cheap.
II. Golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap.
I. All mangoes are cheap.
II. Golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap.
Clearly, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No mango is cheap'. Since all mangoes are golden in colour, we may substitute 'mangoes' with 'golden-coloured mangoes'. Thus, II follows.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: Some doctors are fools. Some fools are rich.
Conclusions:
I. Some doctors are rich
II. Some rich are doctors.
Conclusions:
I. Some doctors are rich
II. Some rich are doctors.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: All roads are waters. Some waters are boats.
Conclusions:
I. Some boats are roads.
II. All waters are boats.
The first premise is A type and distributes the subject. So, the middle term 'waters' which forms its predicate, is not distributed. The second premise is I type and does not distribute either subject or predicate. So, the middle term 'waters' forming its subject is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: All flowers are trees. No fruit is tree.
Conclusions:
I. No fruit is flower.
II. Some trees are flowers.
As discussed above, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is fruit'. I is the converse of this conclusion and thus it follows. II is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: Every minister is a student. Every student is inexperienced.
Conclusions:
I. Every minister is inexperienced.
II. Some inexperienced are students.
'Every' is equivalent to 'All'. Thus, since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: All fish are tortoise. No tortoise is a crocodile.
Conclusions:
I. No crocodile is a fish.
II. No fish is a crocodile.
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. Also, the conclusion should not contain the middle term. So, II follows; I is the converse of II and thus it also holds.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: No gentleman is poor. All gentlemen are rich.
Conclusions:
I. No poor man is rich.
II. No rich man is poor.
The first premise is an E-type proposition, So, the middle term 'gentleman' forming the subject is distributed. The second premise is an A-type proposition. So, the middle term 'gentlemen' forming the subject is distributed. Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion cannot be universal. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Thus, it follows that 'Some rich men are not poor'. Thus, neither I nor II follows.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: Some swords are sharp. All swords are rusty
Conclusions:
I. Some rusty things are sharp.
II. Some rusty things are not sharp.
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. Since both the premises are affirmative, the conclusion cannot be negative. Thus, II does not follow.
Direction: In the question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusion and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements: All fishes are grey in colour. Some fishes are heavy.
Conclusions:
I. All heavy fishes are grey in colour.
II. All light fishes are not grey in colour.
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some heavy things are grey in colour'. I is a cumulative result of this conclusion and the first premise. Thus, only I holds.
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