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Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - NEET MCQ


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25 Questions MCQ Test Biology Class 12 - Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 for NEET 2024 is part of Biology Class 12 preparation. The Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus.The Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 MCQs are made for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 below.
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Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 1

Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic (pH-2) habitats belong to the two groups

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 1

The organisms that can grow at higher temperature are called hyperthermophilic organisms. These organisms belong to group Eubacteria and Archaea.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 2

Which of the following is the container where fermentation is carried out?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 2

'The container where fermentation is carried out is called a fermenter or bioreactor. Both terms are used interchangeably to describe the vessel used in fermentation processes. The fermenter provides the necessary environment, including aeration, pH balance, and temperature control, for optimal microbial growth and product formation.

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Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 3

What are the by-products of alcoholic fermentation?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 3

The by-products of alcoholic fermentation are CO2 and ethanol. Several other chemicals can be formed with the change of nutritive medium, pH and aeration like n-propanol, butanol, glycerol, acetic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, caproic acid, ethyl acetate etc.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 4

Bioreactor is a________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 4

Bioreactor is a fermentation tank in which fermentation is carried out regularly. This tank is fitted with instruments that control the optimal temperature and pressure required for fermentation.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 5

Which of the following alcoholic drinks are obtained without distillation after fermentation?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 5

Depending upon the type of the raw material used for fermentation and type of processing different types of alcoholic drinks are obtained. Wine and Beer are produced without distillation.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 6

Monascus purpureus is a yeast used commercially in the production of

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 6

Monascus purpureus is Yeast used commercially in the production of blood cholesterol lowering statins. Blood cholesterol is responsible for a number of heart disease.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 7

Bioactive molecule that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patient obtained from Trichoderma polysporum is

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 7

Cyclosporin A is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patient obtained from Trichoderma polysporum fungus.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 8

Enzyme immobilization is____________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 8

Enzyme immobilization is the process whereby the movement of enzymes cells organelles etc. in space is completely or severely restricted usually resulting in a water soluble enzyme thus providing enzyme with protective covering.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 9

Assertion: Dough used for making food such as dosa and idli is fermented by bacterial.

Reason: The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of lactic acid.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 9

Dough used for making food such as dosa and idli is fermented by bacterial. The puffed-up appearance of dough is due to the production of carbon dioxide gas.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 10

Organisms called Methanogens are most abundant in a____________.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 10

Methanogens is present in cow dung that produces methane gas. It is most common in cattle yard that provide unique smell in surrounding areas.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 11

Physical removal of large and small particle from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation is called?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 11

Primary treatment of sewage treatment involves physical removal of large and small particles like paper, plastic, pebble by passing through screen.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 12

During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which one of the following is left undergraded?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 12

During anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes by bacteria biogas is produced but lignin do not get decomposed by these bacteria and left over in biogas plants.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 13

Which of the following is not related to microbes?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 13
  • Microbes can be grown on artificial cultures media where they form colonies.
  • During their metabolism, microbes produce chemicals, some of which are used by human beings.
  • Microbes can live in highly acidic as well as an alkaline medium.
  • Microbes are certainly ideal for biotechnology.
Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 14

Assertion: A small part of activated sludge is pumped back into aeration tank to serve as the inoculum.

Reason: Remaining part of the sludge is pumped into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digester.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 14

Both assertion and reason are correct

Explanation: In the activated sludge process, a small portion of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as an inoculum, which helps in the growth and multiplication of microorganisms. The remaining part of the sludge is sent to anaerobic sludge digesters, where it undergoes further treatment and stabilization, reducing the volume of sludge and producing biogas as a byproduct.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 15

Which one is the correct sequence of steps involved in sewage treatment?
i. Filtration
ii. Biological treatment
iii. Sedimentation
iv. Chlorination

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 15

Correct Answer : b

Explanation : Sewage mainly includes human excreta and contains large amounts of organic waste and pathogenic microbes. Thus it is necessary that waste should be made less polluted before discharging into water bodies. 

The process of sewage treatment is explained in the following steps:

a) Primary treatment- In this treatment, filtration and sedimentation process is applied to remove large and small particles. Filtration process removes the floating debris by passing it through mesh wire screens. Then sedimentation removes the soil and small pebbles. The sediment is known as primary sludge and the supernatant is known as primary effluent. The effluent then enters the secondary treatment. 

b) Secondary treatment- In this treatment, large aeration tanks containing primary effluent are constantly agitated with a continuous supply of air. Thus aerobic microbes grow vigorously consuming a major part of the organic effluent reducing Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the effluent. The sewage is then passed into the settling tank where bacteria settle and now it is known as activated sludge. Some of the activated sludge is again passed into aeration tank to serve as inoculum while rest of it enters into large tanks called anaerobic sludge digesters. Here anaerobic bacteria grow to produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide to form biogas. This effluent can then be released into natural water bodies.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 16

Which of the following is not microbe?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 16

Microbes are diverse in nature and include- protozoa, bacteria, fungi and microscopic animal and plant viruses, viroids and also prions that are proteinaceous infectious agents.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 17

Symbiotic association of fungi with plant are called as

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 17

Symbiotic association of fungi with angiosperm plant root is called mycorrhiza. Most of the plants have this kind of relation. The fungus obtains some sugar from the plant and plant get minerals and water absorbed by fungi.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 18

Agriculture by using only biofertilizers is called?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 18

Organic farming is the practice of agriculture in which on chemical substance is used as fertilizers, pesticides or insecticides. Biofertilizers are used to provide nutrient.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 19

Which one of the following is not used in organic farming?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 19

In organic farming snail is not used. Glomus is kind of fungi used in organic farming for maintaining fertility of soil. Earthworm the process of composting to form vermiform compost and Oscillatoria is an algae that fix the nitrogen.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 20

Which one of the following is used as biological insecticide?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 20

Tiger beetle is a large group of beetles known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. They are used as biological insecticides in organic farming practices.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 21

What is the major component of waste-water?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 21
  • A major component of this waste-water is human excreta.
  • This municipal waste-water is also called as sewage.
  • It contains a large amount of organic matter and microbes. Many of which are pathogenic.
Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 22

What is the full form of STPs?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 22
  • STP stands for sewage treatment plants.
  • Before the disposal of waste-water into the natural water bodies, sewage is treated in STPs to make it less polluting.
Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 23

A patient brought to a hospital with myocardial infarction is normally immediately given_______.

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 23

The patient suffering from myocardial infraction is immediately given injection of Streptokinase. Streptokinase is an enzyme secreted by several species of streptococci that can bind and activate plasminogen used as effective and inexpensive thrombolysis medication in some cases of myocardial infraction.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 24

Azolla is used as a biofertilizers because it

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 24

Azolla is used as a biofertilizers because it has association of nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria. They increase the fertility of soil without any chemical fertilizers.

Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 25

Which of the following infectious disease cannot be controlled by antibiotics?

Detailed Solution for Test: Microbes in Human Welfare - 2 - Question 25

Common cold is an infectious disease caused by virus. It cannot be controlled by antibiotics as antibiotics are not effective against viral disease.

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