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NEET Exam  >  NEET Test  >  Biology Class 12  >  Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - NEET MCQ

Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Free MCQ Practice Test with solutions,


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 (25 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for NEET Biology Class 12 with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1". These 25 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of NEET 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 25 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 25

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Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 1
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Genetic information is carried out by long chain molecule made up of

Detailed Solution: Question 1

Genetic information is carried out by DNA and RNA. Both DNA and RNA are called genetic material, made up of long chain of nucleotide having-nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate ions.

Topic in NCERT: Molecular basis of inheritance

Line in NCERT: "nucleic acids are long polymers of nucleotides."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 2
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By which bonds the purine & pyrimidine pairs of Complementary Strands of DNA held together?

Detailed Solution: Question 2

In complementary strands of DNA, purines and pyrimidine are held together by Hydrogen bond (H-bond). Adenine and Thymine have double hydrogen bond and cytosine and guanine are held by triple hydrogen bond.

Topic in NCERT: Base pairing in dna

Line in NCERT: "adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine from opposite strand and vice-versa. similarly, guanine is bonded with cytosine with three h-bonds."

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Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 3
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The strand of DNA that forms mRNA is called?

Detailed Solution: Question 3

The strand of DNA that forms mRNA is called the template strand or the antisense strand. During transcription, the DNA molecule unwinds, and one of the strands (the template strand) is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule, which is called messenger RNA (mRNA). The other strand of DNA, which is not used as a template during transcription, is called the coding strand or the sense strand because it has the same sequence as the mRNA molecule (except for the presence of thymine instead of uracil).

Topic in NCERT: Transcription unit and the gene

Line in NCERT: "the strand that has the polarity 3'-5' acts as a template, and is also referred to as template strand."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 4
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Codon is made up of

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Codon is triplet means made up three nucleotides. Each codon codes for one amino acid to form proteins during protein synthesis.

Topic in NCERT: Genetic code

Line in NCERT: "the salient features of genetic code are as follows: (i) the codon is triplet."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 5
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The code AUG stands for

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Code AUG code for Methionine. In all organism first amino acid coded is methionine by codon AUG.

Topic in NCERT: Trna the adapter molecule

Line in NCERT: "aug has dual functions. it codes for methionine (met), and it also act as initiator codon."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 6
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Protein synthesis occurs over

Detailed Solution: Question 6

Protein synthesis occurs over ribosomes which are also called protein factories of cell. Each ribosomes have two parts 40S and 60S in eukaryotes and 30S and 50S in prokaryotes.

Topic in NCERT: Ribosome

Line in NCERT: "the cellular factory responsible for synthesising proteins is the ribosome."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 7
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Okazaki is known for his contribution to the understanding of

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Okazaki discovered the way in which the lagging strand of DNA is replicated via fragments by conducting an experiment using E. coli named the strand Okazaki fragment. Okazaki fragments are the fragmented piece of newly synthesized DNA strand called as lagging strand during DNA replication. They are complementary to the lagging template strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections.

Topic in NCERT: Replication

Line in NCERT: "watson and crick had immediately proposed a scheme for replication of dna."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 8
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What is called Griffith effect?

Detailed Solution: Question 8

Griffith carried out experiment on mice using pneumonia causing bacteria to show that DNA is the genetic material by transforming non-virulent strain into virulent strain which is called bacterial transformation.

Topic in NCERT: Transforming principle

Line in NCERT: "griffith was able to kill bacteria by heating them. he observed that heat-killed s strain bacteria injected into mice did not kill them. when he injected a mixture of heat-killed s and live r bacteria, the mice died. moreover, he recovered living s bacteria from the dead mice. he concluded that the r strain bacteria had somehow been transformed by the heat-killed s strain bacteria."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 9
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Enzymes called ______ add complementary nucleotides, floating inside the nucleus.

Detailed Solution: Question 9

Enzymes DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides. This enzyme is present floating inside the nucleus.

Topic in NCERT: The machinery and the enzymes

Line in NCERT: "the main enzyme is referred to as dna-dependent dna polymerase, since it uses a dna template to catalyse the polymerisation of deoxynucleotides."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 10
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Repressor proteins are coded for by ______ genes.

Detailed Solution: Question 10

Regulator genes codes for repressor proteins during translation of DNA into protein via mRNA.

Topic in NCERT: Lac operon

Line in NCERT: "the igene codes for the repressor of the lac operon."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 11
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RNA polymerase is only capable of catalyzing the process of

Detailed Solution: Question 11

In the process of transcription RNA polymerase is only capable of elongation.

Initiation factor sigma helps in the process of initiation while termination factor Rho is helping in termination of the process.

So the correct option is 'Elongation'.

Topic in NCERT: Transcription

Line in NCERT: "the rna polymerase is only capable of catalysing the process of elongation."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 12
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What is the length of the DNA double helix, if the total number of bp (base pair) is 6.6 x 109?

Detailed Solution: Question 12

  • The distance between 2 consecutive bp is 0.34 nm. The formula to calculate the length of the DNA double helix:
  • The length of the DNA double helix = The total number of bp x distance between two consecutive bp.
  • As a result, we get 2.2 m as the length of the DNA double helix.

Topic in NCERT: Packaging of dna helix

Line in NCERT: "the length of dna double helix in a typical mammalian cell is calculated (simply by multiplying the total number of bp with distance between two consecutive bp, that is, 6.6 × 10^9 bp x 0.34 × 10^-9 m/bp), it comes out to be approximately 2.2 metres."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 13
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What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

Detailed Solution: Question 13

The main purpose of human genome project launched in 1990 was to identify the sequence of human DNA.

Topic in NCERT: Goals of hgp

Line in NCERT: "some of the important goals of hgp were as follows: (i) identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human dna; (ii) determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human dna;"

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 14
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Human genome project was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called as

Detailed Solution: Question 14

Human genome project was associated with the rapid development of new area of biology called as bioinformatics. This branch of biological science is used to known the sequence of gene on Chromosome of living organisms.

Topic in NCERT: Human genome project

Line in NCERT: "the human genome project was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called bioinformatics."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 15
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The human genome contains ------------- nucleotide bases.

Detailed Solution: Question 15

The human genome contains approximately 3.1647 billion base pairs, which is correctly represented by option D.

Topic in NCERT: Salient features of human genome

Line in NCERT: "the human genome contains 3164.7 million bp."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 16
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Gel electrophoresis is used for

Detailed Solution: Question 16

Gel electrophoresis technique is used for separation of DNA fragments according to their size. This is an important tool to study the genome of an individual. 

Topic in NCERT: Dna fingerprinting

Line in NCERT: "separation of dna fragments by electrophoresis"

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 17
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Which chromosome of human genome contains least number of genes?

Detailed Solution: Question 17

There are 23 pairs of chromosome in human cells. The chromosome Y is the smallest and contain least number of gene (231) and chromosome 1 contain highest number of gene (2968).

Topic in NCERT: Salient features of human genome

Line in NCERT: "chromosome 1 has most genes (2968), and the y has the fewest (231)."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 18
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Satellite DNA is useful tool in

Detailed Solution: Question 18

About 3% or so of the human genome has highly repetitive sequences or simple-sequence DNA or simple sequence repeats or satellite DNA. It does not encode proteins or RNAs but have identifiable functional importance owing to their presence in centromeres and telomeres; which makes option B wrong as genetic engineering mainly aims at transfer of genes producing desired products. Satellite DNA show relative uniformity within species and great variability between closely related species. This DNA polymorphism is revealed during DNA finger printing in identification of suspect. For the purpose, restriction enzyme digested DNA samples are sorted by gel electrophoresis followed by southern blotting. Finally, radioactive probes are washed over the nylon surface to allow their joining to any DNA fragments of same composition. Correct option is A. Sex determination in human is governed by presence or absence of Y-chromosome, not by satellite DNA which makes option D wrong. Organ transplantation mainly aims at immune system; option C is wrong.

So, the correct answer is 'Forensic science'

Topic in NCERT: Dna fingerprinting

Line in NCERT: "they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 19
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What are the set of positively charged basic proteins called as?

Detailed Solution: Question 19

  • Histones are rich in basic amino acid (AA) residues such as lysine and arginine.
  • These two amino acids carry a positive charge at their side chains.
  • Due to this reason, histones are called as the set of positively charged basic proteins.

Topic in NCERT: Histone proteins and nucleosome structure

Line in NCERT: "in eukaryotes, this organisation is much more complex. there is a set of positively charged, basic proteins called histones."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 20
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For DNA finger printing, the DNA is obtained from

Detailed Solution: Question 20

The DNA required for finger printing can be obtained from WBCs, root hair cells and body secretion as all the cells contain same type of genetic makeup.

Topic in NCERT: Dna fingerprinting

Line in NCERT: "dna from every tissue (such as blood, hair-follicle, skin, bone, saliva, sperm etc.), from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 21
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How many bp are present in a typical nucleosome?

Detailed Solution: Question 21

  • Nucleosomes are the bead-like structures which are present on a chromatin.
  • These nucleosomes contain the DNA, which is the genetic material.
  • Such a typical nucleosome contains nearly 200 bp.

Topic in NCERT: Packaging of dna helix

Line in NCERT: "a typical nucleosome contains 200 bp of dna helix."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 22
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Which of the following important biochemical reactions in living systems is catalyzed by a ribozyme?

Detailed Solution: Question 22

In prokaryotes the 23srRNA of the larger subunit of ribsome is a ribozyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation.

Topic in NCERT: Translation

Line in NCERT: "the ribosome also acts as a catalyst (23s rrna in bacteria is the enzyme- ribozyme) for the formation of peptide bond."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 23
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Which of the following is not a feature of the double helix model of DNA ?

Detailed Solution: Question 23

The correct feature of the double helix model of DNA is that the two chains are coiled in a right-handed fashion, not left-handed. This makes option D incorrect.

Topic in NCERT: Double helix structure of dna

Line in NCERT: "the two chains are coiled in a right-handed fashion."

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 24
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Which of the following is true about RNA polymerase in bacteria?

Detailed Solution: Question 24

In bacteria, RNA polymerase is only responsible for elongation. It associates transiently with initiation-factor (σ) and termination-factor (ρ) to catalyse initiation and termination. This specificity is controlled by the association with these factors.

Test: Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 - Question 25
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Which of the following is true regarding transcription in eukaryotes?

Detailed Solution: Question 25

In eukaryotes, the primary transcript (hnRNA) contains both exons and introns. These introns are removed, and exons are joined through splicing to create functional mRNA. The mRNA also undergoes capping and tailing before it is transported for translation.

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This test contains 25 MCQs on Molecular Basis of Inheritance- 1 with detailed solutions for each question. It is part of the Biology Class 12 course on EduRev, designed to align with the current NEET syllabus. Each solution explains not just the correct answer but also gives you an understanding of the topic — not just to attempt the question but also help you prepare for the exam with practice.

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