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Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - NEET MCQ


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Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 1

Which one of the following groups of animals is correctly matched with its one characteristic feature without even a single exception?

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 1
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) indeed have a skeleton made of cartilage rather than bone. This characteristic holds true for all members of this group. While most chordates have jaws, there are exceptions (e.g., lampreys). Most mammals give birth to live young, but there are exceptions (e.g., monotremes). Reptiles generally have a three-chambered heart, but some (e.g., crocodiles) have a four-chambered heart.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 2

The gill – slits of chordates occur in : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 2

Gill slits are individual openings to gills, i.e., multiple gill arches, which lack a single outer cover. These can be traced in cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and rays. Early embryos of different vertebrates resemble each other in possessing certain similar structures, like gill slits. Therefore gill slits of chordates occur in the pharynx of all chordates embryos and pharynx of some aquatic adult chordates. Hence, option C is correct.

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Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 3

Vertebrates and tunicates share

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 3

The dorsal hollow nerve cord is part of the chordate central nervous system. In vertebrate fishes, the pharyngeal slits become the gills. Humans are not chordates because humans do not have a tail. Vertebrates do not have a notochord at any point in their development; instead, they have a vertebral column.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 4

In Amphioxus notochord is present only  in :-

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 4

Amphioxus are fish-like marine chordates. The notochord is a flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In case of Amphioxus, it is retained in the adults.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 5

Which among the following is incorrect about Tetrapoda?

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 5
  • Lobe-finned fishes were ancestors of tetrapods.
  • Tetrapoda are classified into 4 sub-classes i.e. Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.
  • The word tetrapoda means those that have four limbs.
  • Most of them are terrestrial.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 6

Prochordates lack : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 6

Protochordates are an informal category of animals (i.e., not a proper taxonomic group). This group has the animals that possess some but not all characteristics of chordates. They have pharyngeal gill slits and a dorsal nerve cord, however, they lack vertebral column and paired appendages.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 7

Read the following statements:
A. Mouth is located ventrally.
B. Notochord is persistent throughout life.
C. Gill slits are separate and with operculum.
D. Air bladder is absent.

How many of the above statements are correct for the given figure:

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 7

To determine how many of the statements are correct, let's analyze each one:

A. Mouth is located ventrally: This is typically true for certain aquatic animals like fishes.

B. Notochord is persistent throughout life: This is true for some chordates like members of the subphylum Cephalochordata.

C. Gill slits are separate and with operculum: This is true for bony fishes (class Osteichthyes) where the gill slits are covered by an operculum.

D. Air bladder is absent: This is true for cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) where the air bladder (swim bladder) is absent.

Since we don't have the actual figure, I'll provide possible interpretations:

  • If the figure represents a bony fish (Osteichthyes), statements A, C, and D would be correct, but B would be incorrect (as the notochord is not persistent in bony fishes).

  • If the figure represents a cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), statements A, B, and D would be correct, but C would be incorrect (as they do not have an operculum).

Assuming the figure represents a fish with characteristics closest to either class, three statements are most likely correct.

The correct answer is:

3. Three.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 8
Assertion (A): All members of the phylum Chordata possess a post-anal tail at some stage of their life cycle.
Reason (R): The post-anal tail is an adaptation that facilitates movement and balance in aquatic environments, aiding in locomotion.
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 8
Assertion (A) is true because all chordates have a post-anal tail at some stage of their development. This feature is one of the key characteristics that define the phylum Chordata. Reason (R) is also true as the post-anal tail indeed serves as an adaptation that helps in locomotion and balance, particularly in aquatic environments. This tail assists in propulsion and maneuvering, which is critical for the survival and movement of many aquatic chordates. Therefore, the Reason accurately explains the Assertion.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 9

Protochordates are : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 9

 A method of feeding used by lancelets and many other aquatic invertebrates. The movement of cilia causes a current of water to be drawn towards and through the animal, and microorganisms in the water are filtered out by the cilia. "ciliary feeding.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 10

Protochordates are not vertebrates as : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 10

Protochordates are an informal category of animals. Protochordates are also known as Acrania. They are characterized by the absence of vertebral column. They do not have the skull or cranium. They do not possess jaws. This group is composed of the phylum Hemichordata and the subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 11

Which of the following character is shared by all chordates at some stage of life -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 11

In chordates, four common features appear at some point during development: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 12

Ascidians are commonly knows as : - 

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 12

The Urochordata , also known as Tunicates and Ascidians , are more commonly known as "sea squirts." They belong to the same phylum as the vertebrates although adults do not have a backbone. The name sea squirt comes from the way water is pushed out through the exhalant siphon.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 13
Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes Class Chondrichthyes from Class Osteichthyes?
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 13
Class Chondrichthyes (e.g., sharks, rays) have a cartilaginous endoskeleton. Class Osteichthyes (e.g., bony fish) have a bony skeleton. Osteichthyes typically possess a swim bladder, while Chondrichthyes rely on their large oil-filled liver to maintain buoyancy.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 14

statement 1: Hemichordates were earlier considered as a sub-phylum under Phylum Chordata but are now placed separately in a phylum under non-Chordata.
Statement 2: Hemichordates have a rudimentary structure in the collar region called stomochord, a structure homologous to the notochord.

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 14

Solution:
Both statements are correct. Hemichordates were previously considered a sub-phylum under Phylum Chordata but are now classified separately. The stomochord is homologous to the notochord, explaining their reclassification.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 15
Flying fox is a/an:
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 15
The flying fox is a viviparous mammal.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 16

Salpa & Doliolum belong to : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 16

 In Urochordata or tunicates, the notochord is present only in the larval tail. Tail and nervous system are reduced in adult because the adult is sedentary. Common examples of Urochordata are Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum. Salpa is a barrel-shaped, planktonic tunicate. Doliolum is a genus of tunicates.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 17
Column I: Characteristics Column II: Examples

Scales and leathery eggs a. Mammals
Feathers and hollow bones b. Birds
Hair and mammary glands c. Reptiles
Three-chambered heart d. Lizards
Beaks and high metabolic rate e. Eagles
Live births and placental development f. Humans
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 17
Scales and leathery eggs - C. Reptiles
Reptiles have scales and lay leathery eggs. This characteristic helps in reducing water loss and adapting to dry environments.
Feathers and hollow bones - B. Birds
Birds are characterized by feathers and hollow bones, which aid in flight and reduce body weight.
Hair and mammary glands - A. Mammals
Mammals are distinguished by the presence of hair and mammary glands that produce milk to nourish their young.
Three-chambered heart - D. Lizards
Most reptiles, including lizards, have a three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle), which is less efficient in separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood compared to mammals and birds.
Beaks and high metabolic rate - E. Eagles
Eagles, as birds, have beaks and a high metabolic rate, which supports their active lifestyle and flight.
Live births and placental development - F. Humans
Humans, as mammals, give live births and have a placenta that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and developing fetus.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 18
Consider the given two statements:
I: Birds have a four chambered heart and are warm blooded.
II: Respiration in birds is by lungs that are connected to air sacs.
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 18
Birds have a completely four-chambered heart and are warm-blooded (endothermic). Respiration in birds is by lungs, and they have air sacs connected to the lungs which supplement respiration.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 19

Which among the following is incorrect about organ system in Amphibia?

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 19
  • In amphibians, blood passes the heart twice i.e. they have double circulation.
  • Left auricle deals with oxygenated blood whereas right auricle deals with deoxygenated blood.
  • Ventricle deals with both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
  • Tympanum represents ears in amphibians.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 20
Select the incorrect option with respect to the animal listed in column A and features exhibited in column B:

Column A (Organism) | Column B (Features)

Psittacula | Homeothermy, Air sacs to supplement respiration
Panthera tigris | Viviparity, Thecodont dentition
Pleurobrachia | Bioluminescence, Eight rows of ciliated comb plates
Pristis | Presence of operculum, Absence of air bladder
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 20
An operculum is a bony flap covering the gills in fish. Pristis (sawfish) do not have opercula. They lack a swim bladder, but the incorrect part of this option is the presence of an operculum.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 21
Consider the given statements:
Statement I:
In Urochordata, notochord is present only in larval tail.
Statement II:
In Cephalochordata, notochord extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life.
Statement III:
Both Urochordates and Cephalochordates are exclusively marine.

Which of the given statements is/ are true?
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 21
Subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata are often referred to as protochordates and are exclusively marine. In Urochordata, notochord is present only in larval tail, while in Cephalochordata, it extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 22

Find out main difference between urochordata and cephalochordates : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 22

Cephalochordates are Urochordates are marine organisms. In the members of the cephalochordates, the notochord is persistent. The notochord is present throughout the body. In case of the members of the Urochordates, the notochord is present in posterior half of the body of the organism. Thus, the organisms in the two groups are divided on the basis of the length of notochord. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 23

The cephalochordates : -

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 23

Cephalochordata are small, segmented marine animals that possess elongated bodies with a notochord that extends the length of the body, extending from head to tail, persisting throughout the animal's life. Cephalochordates are represented in modern oceans by the Amphioxiformes. 

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 24
A jawless fish, which lays eggs in fresh water and whose ammocoetes larvae after metamorphosis return to the ocean is
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 24
The jawless fish that lays eggs in freshwater and whose ammocoetes larvae return to the ocean is Petromyzon (also known as the sea lamprey). These fascinating creatures belong to the class Cyclostomata within the phylum Chordata. After hatching from their eggs in freshwater, the tiny transparent larvae, called ammocoetes, undergo metamorphosis and then migrate to the sea. There, they spend several years before returning to freshwater streams or rivers to spawn and eventually die.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 25
Which of the following statements about Hemichordata is correct?
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 25
Hemichordates have a structure called stomochord, which is similar to the notochord. They are a separate phylum under non-chordata, not a sub-phylum under phylum Chordata. They exhibit bilateral symmetry and have an open circulatory system, not a closed one.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 26

Stomochord (Buccal diverticulum) is present in : - 

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 26

Hemichordata closely relates the Chordates. It contains marine deuterostome animals. They have a tubular structure known as stomochords. Stomochords arise in embryonic development as an out-pocketing from the roof of the embryonic gut anterior to the pharynx. In adults, they extend dorsally from the pharynx into the proboscis and serve to communicate with the oral cavity. Their walls are composed primarily of epithelial cells, but ciliated and glandular cells are also present.Balanoglossus belongs to the Hemichordata phylum. So, it has buccal diverticulum.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 27

Which among the following is not correct about Urochordata?

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 27
  • Urochordata is classified under Protochordates.
  • They have post anal tail only till their larval stage.
  • Most of these are marine and almost extinct.
  • They contain pharyngeal gill slits in the form of gill clefts.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 28
All cyclostomes are ___________ on some fishes; paired fins are _________, cranium is ________ and circulation is _______ type.
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 28
Cyclostomes refer to jawless fish, which include lampreys and hagfish. They are external parasites that attach to other fishes (ectoparasites). They lack paired fins (both pectoral and pelvic fins). Their cranium is cartilaginous (made of cartilage, not bone). Their circulation is closed (blood flows within vessels).
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 29
Which of the following is an egg-laying mammal?
Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 29
Ornithorhynchus (platypus) is an oviparous (egg-laying) mammal. Macropus (kangaroo), Macaca (monkey), and Balaenoptera (blue whale) are all viviparous mammals.
Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 30

In hemichordates

 

 

Detailed Solution for Test: Phylum Hemichordata and Chordata - Question 30

 In hemichordates, Circulatory system is of open type. Respiration takes place through gills. Excretory organ is proboscis gland. Sexes are separate. Fertilisation is external. Development is indirect.

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