Test: Plant Kingdom 4 - From Past 28 Years Questions - NEET MCQ

Pinus is a conifer, a member of Gymnosperm has well developed conducting tissue and presence of seed, whereas Selaginella is a member of pteridophyte (Heterospory), Funaria is a moss, Chlamydomonas is an alga.

The ovules matures into seed. Which is provided with wings. The upper surface of ovuliferous scale forms the membranous wings of the seed which helps in dispersal of the seed. The time taken from cone formation to seed dispersal is about two years in Pinus.

In bryophytes the plant body is gametophyte and sporophyte remain attached to the gametophyte and produces spores. Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte.

In chlorophyceae, sexual reproduction takes place by all the three processes 1. Isogamy – Fusion of morphologically and physiologically similar gametes. 2. Anisogamy – Morphologically similar but physiologically dissimilar gametes. 3. Oogamy – Fusing gametes are dissimilar in all respect.

Spirogyra is a member of green algae which cannot fix atmospheric nitrogen. Only Nostoc and Anabaena (Blue green algae) and Azotobacter (bacteria) can fix nitrogen.

Lowermost cell in Ulothrix functions as the holdfast. It is meant for attaching the filaments to the substratum which shows beginning of labour division.

The Agar is obtained from several  members of red algae such as Gracilaria, Gelidium, Chondrus etc. Agar gels are extensively used for growing micro-organisms.

The gametophtytic generation represents the dominant phase in  the life cycle of bryophytes. The sporophyte phase is dependent on the gametophyte. That is why, the plant body of Funaria is predominantly gametophyte with sporophyte.

 Archegonia is the female sex organ of bryophytes and pteridophytes. Its neck region is made up of 4-6 vertical rows of cells.

 Archegonia is the female sex organ of bryophytes and pteridophytes. Its neck region is made up of 4-6 vertical rows of cells.

In Marchantia capsule elaters are present which help in dispersal of spores.

Seed habit originated in Cycadophiles or pteridosperms.

Ginkgophyta  is an ancient group of which the sole living representative or living fossil is Ginkgo biloba or Maiden hair tree which is native of South China.

Blue green algae or cyanobacteria come under Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes lack a well defined nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane. Eukaryotes have well organised nucleus.     Rhodophyceae     &     Chlorophyceae     are members of algae which come under eukaryotes. 

Chlorella can be grown to provide human food rich in protein, lipid, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Chlorella has been researched as a potential source of food and energy, because its efficiency of photosynthesis can reach 8%, this is comparable with other highly efficient crops such as sugar cane. It is high in protein and other essential nutrients. When dried, it is about 45 percent protein, 20 percent fat, 20 percent carbohydrate, 5% fiber, and 10 percent minerals and vitamins.

In pteridophytes, the gametophyte is independently living small thalloid structure called  prothallus. In pteridophytes the primary  roots are replaced by adventitious roots. Whereas in bryophytes the gametophyte is leafy.

Sexual reproduction in Ulothrix is isogamous type. Only similar type of gametes called isogametes are produced.

Archegonium is the flask shaped female sex organ in bryophytes while Algae have nonjacketed sex organs (gametangia).

Phycoerythrins  are accessory photosynthetic pigments along with phycocyanins. Haematochrome is a pigment in the blood. Brown algae is  brown due to fucoxanthin.

In  Cycas, conducting part of xylem consists of  tracheids.

Spirogyra is a filamentous alga lacking flagellated reproductive stages.

Bryophytes require a thin film of water on the surface of their substratum during sexual reproduction for the following  reasons : (i) dehiscence of antheridia  requires  absorption of water from outside (ii) dehiscence of archegonium (iii) swimming of sperms to reach the archegonia 

Vegetative reproduction occurs  in ferns by fragmentation of rhizome and growth of adventitious buds. In Adiantum  caudatum the adventitious buds occur at the leaf  tips  hence it is called the walking fern because of its ability to form new ferns whenever the leaf tip happens to come in contact with soil.

The sperms of Cycas are the largest in the plant kingdom reaching a size of 300 mm . Egg of Cycas and its nucleus are also the largest in the plant kingdom.

Antherozoids of Funaria bear two flagella at anterior end and is spirally coiled.