Test: Popular Struggles & Movements - 4 - CTET & State TET MCQ

King Birendra was killed in a mysterious massacre of the royal family in
- The correct answer is 2001.
- King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, the reigning monarch of Nepal, was killed in a tragic event known as the Nepalese Royal Massacre.
- The massacre occurred on June 1, 2001, in the Narayanhiti Royal Palace in Kathmandu, Nepal.
- The exact details of the event are still debated, and it remains a mysterious tragedy.
- King Birendra, along with his wife Queen Aishwarya and several other members of the royal family, was shot dead during a dinner gathering.
- The Crown Prince Dipendra, who was also present, was initially suspected of the killings before he allegedly shot himself.
- The motive behind the massacre is still unclear, and various theories have been put forth, including a dispute over the choice of the crown prince's bride and disagreements within the royal family.
- The incident shocked the nation and led to significant political and social changes in Nepal, including the end of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic in 2008.
- The Nepalese Royal Massacre remains a tragic and unresolved event in the history of Nepal.

A is the correct option.King Gyanendra, the new king of Nepal, was not prepared to accept democratic rule. He took advantage of the weakness and unpopularity of the democratically elected government. In February 2005, the king dismissed the then Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected Parliament.

The successful struggle in Bolivia was led by the people against the privatization of water. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- Bolivia faced a severe water crisis in the early 2000s due to water privatization policies.
- The government, under pressure from international financial institutions, had privatized the water supply, granting a multinational corporation control over water resources and distribution.
Reasons for the Struggle:
- Lack of Access: Privatization led to a significant increase in water prices, making it unaffordable for many Bolivians, especially the poor and marginalized communities.
- Exploitative Practices: The multinational corporation responsible for water management implemented exploitative practices, such as cutting off water supply for non-payment, even to those who couldn't afford it.
- Social Injustice: The privatization disproportionately affected the most vulnerable populations, exacerbating inequality and social injustice.
The Struggle:
- Mass Protests: The people of Bolivia organized mass protests against water privatization, demanding affordable and accessible water for all.
- Blockades and Strikes: Citizens engaged in blockades and strikes, disrupting the normal functioning of cities and putting pressure on the government to address their concerns.
- Leadership: Activists like Oscar Olivera played a crucial role in organizing and mobilizing the people, providing a unified voice against water privatization.
- International Support: The struggle gained international attention and support, with organizations like the United Nations condemning the privatization policies and backing the demands of the Bolivian people.
Outcome:
- Victory for the People: The collective efforts of the Bolivian people resulted in the cancellation of the water privatization contract and the restoration of public control over water resources.
- Nationalization of Water: The government passed a law declaring water as a fundamental human right and a public good, ensuring its accessibility and affordability for all citizens.
- Social Movement: This successful struggle in Bolivia became a symbol of resistance against neoliberal policies and inspired similar movements across the world.
In conclusion, the people of Bolivia led a successful struggle against the privatization of water, fighting for their right to accessible and affordable water. Through mass protests, blockades, and international support, they managed to reverse the privatization policies and achieve victory.

Financial Agency/Organisation that Pressurised the Government to Give up Control of Municipal Water Supply

The financial agency/organisation that pressurised the government to give up its control of municipal water supply is the World Bank.

• The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of developing countries for development projects.


• In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the World Bank started promoting water privatization as a condition for providing loans and financial assistance to governments.


• As part of their structural adjustment policies, the World Bank encouraged governments to transfer the control and management of municipal water supply to private companies.


• The rationale behind this approach was to improve efficiency, increase investment, and provide better access to clean water for the population.


• However, the privatization of water supply faced significant criticism and opposition from various social and environmental groups.


• In some cases, protests and movements emerged against water privatization, arguing that it could lead to higher water prices, reduced access for marginalized communities, and the commodification of a basic human right.


• Despite the pressure from the World Bank and other financial institutions, the decision to give up control of municipal water supply ultimately rests with the government.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: World Bank.

Incorrect Statement: D: None of these
Explanation:
The incorrect statement is option D: None of these because all the other options (A, B, and C) provide accurate information about the topic being discussed. Here is a detailed explanation of the correct statements:
Option A: The MNC raised the price of water by four times.
- This statement suggests that a multinational corporation (MNC) has increased the price of water by four times. It implies that the cost of water has significantly gone up due to the actions of the MNC.
Option B: Many people received monthly water bills of Rs 1000.
- This statement states that a large number of individuals have received monthly water bills amounting to Rs 1000. It indicates that the charges for water usage have reached this specific amount for many people.
Option C: This huge hike in water bill led to a popular protest.
- This statement highlights that the significant increase in the water bill resulted in a widespread protest. It suggests that the public reacted strongly to the sudden surge in the cost of water and expressed their dissatisfaction through a popular protest.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is option D: None of these, as it contradicts the accuracy of the other statements provided.

Bolivia's Water War was a series of protests that happened between December 1999 and April 2000 in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Also known as Cochabamba Water War, the demonstrations and violence took place to protest against privatization of municipal water supply of the city.

Democracy evolves through popular struggles:
- Popular struggles are a significant factor in the evolution of democracy.
- Popular struggles refer to the collective actions and movements undertaken by the general public to fight for their rights, freedoms, and social justice.
- These struggles often involve protests, demonstrations, strikes, and other forms of nonviolent resistance.
- Through popular struggles, people express their dissatisfaction with the existing political system and demand changes to ensure a more inclusive and participatory democracy.
- Popular struggles can lead to the formation of social movements and organizations that advocate for specific causes and push for reforms.
- These struggles can bring about changes in laws, policies, and institutions to address the concerns raised by the public.
- By participating in popular struggles, citizens exercise their democratic rights and contribute to the process of democratic evolution.
- Popular struggles also play a crucial role in holding governments accountable and challenging any authoritarian tendencies.
- They provide a platform for marginalized groups and individuals to have their voices heard and their interests represented.
- Overall, popular struggles are an integral part of the democratic process and contribute to shaping and strengthening democratic systems.

Defining moments of democracy usually involve a conflict between:
A: Two most powerful groups:
- This option suggests that conflicts in defining moments of democracy occur between the two most powerful groups in society.
- However, this may not always be the case as defining moments can involve a broader range of actors and interests.
B: Those groups who have exercised power and those who aspire for a share in power:
- This option suggests that conflicts in defining moments of democracy occur between those who currently hold power and those who seek to gain power.
- It recognizes the dynamic nature of democracy and the constant struggle between different groups for political influence.
C: Two powerless groups:
- This option suggests that conflicts in defining moments of democracy occur between two groups that lack power or influence.
- However, defining moments of democracy often involve groups that have some level of power or influence, rather than two completely powerless groups.
D: People and people's representatives:
- This option suggests that conflicts in defining moments of democracy occur between the general public and their elected representatives.
- It highlights the tension between the expectations of the people and the actions of their representatives, which can lead to defining moments in democracy.
Conclusion:
Option B, which states that defining moments of democracy usually involve a conflict between those who have exercised power and those who aspire for a share in power, is the most accurate answer. It recognizes the dynamics of power and the constant struggle for political influence that characterizes democratic societies.

Correct Answer :- a

Explanation : Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilisation. Sometimes it is possible that the conflict is resolved by using the existing institutions like the parliament or the judiciary. But when there is a deep dispute, very often the resolution has to come from outside, from the people.

Movement group is an organisation which starts a movement to achieve a specific goal or issue.

 A pressure group is a group of people who are organised actively for promoting and defending their common interest. They are a vital link between the government and the governed. They keep governments more responsive to the wishes of the community, especially in between elections.

 A political party is an organized group of people who have the same ideology, or who otherwise have the same political positions, and who field candidates for elections, in an attempt to get them elected and thereby implement their agenda.

The movement Kittiko-Hachchiko started in Karnataka in 1987, was based on. non-violent protest by farmers. violent protest by farmers. violent protest by workers of Karnataka Pulpwood Limited.

Answer:
The party that spearheaded the mass upsurge in Nepal is the Seven-Party Alliance (SPA). The mass upsurge, also known as the Nepal Revolution or Jana Andolan II, took place in April 2006 and marked a significant turning point in the country's political landscape. Here are the key details to understand the role of the SPA:
Background:
- Nepal had been under the rule of King Gyanendra since 2001 when he dissolved the parliament and assumed executive powers.
- This move by the king was met with widespread discontent and opposition from various political parties and the general public.
Formation of Seven-Party Alliance:
- The Seven-Party Alliance was formed in 2005 as a coalition of seven political parties united against the autocratic rule of King Gyanendra.
- The alliance included the Nepali Congress, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), and other smaller political parties.
Mass Protests:
- The SPA led a series of mass protests, demonstrations, and strikes across Nepal to demand the restoration of democracy and the end of the king's authoritarian rule.
- These protests gained momentum and widespread support from the general public, including students, civil society organizations, and various other groups.
Key Events:
- The SPA organized a general strike in April 2006, which paralysed the country and led to a nationwide shutdown.
- The protests turned violent at times, with clashes between the police and demonstrators resulting in casualties.
Success and Outcome:
- The mass upsurge and pressure from the SPA and the public forced King Gyanendra to reinstate the dissolved parliament.
- The king's powers were significantly curtailed, and Nepal transitioned into a democratic republic.
- The SPA played a crucial role in this political transformation, leading to the end of the monarchy and the establishment of a federal democratic system in Nepal.
Therefore, the Seven-Party Alliance (SPA) spearheaded the mass upsurge in Nepal, leading to significant political changes in the country.

Answer:
The party that did not believe in parliamentary democracy and was involved in an armed struggle but eventually joined the popular protest is the Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist).
Explanation:
Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist):
- The Nepalese Communist Party (Maoist) was a political party in Nepal.
- They did not believe in parliamentary democracy and aimed to establish a communist state through armed struggle.
- The party launched a decade-long armed insurgency in 1996, known as the Nepalese Civil War.
- They fought against the government forces and aimed to overthrow the monarchy.
- During the armed struggle, the Communist Party (Maoist) gained popular support among the marginalized and rural population.
- However, as the peace process started in Nepal, the Maoists joined the popular protest and participated in the democratic process.
- In 2008, the party won the majority of seats in the Constituent Assembly elections and abolished the monarchy, leading to the establishment of a federal democratic republic.
- The party then transformed into the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Center) and later merged with the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) to form the Nepal Communist Party.

Which of the following organisations/ institutions did not join the protest movement?
The organisation/institution that did not join the protest movement is the Army.
Reasoning:
- Labour unions and their federations: Labour unions and their federations typically play a significant role in protest movements, as they advocate for workers' rights and better working conditions. Therefore, they would likely join the protest movement.
- Organisation of indigenous people: Indigenous people often participate in protest movements to fight for their rights, land, and cultural preservation. Therefore, the organisation of indigenous people would likely join the protest movement.
- Organisation of teachers, lawyers, and human rights groups: Teachers, lawyers, and human rights groups are often at the forefront of social justice issues and advocate for the protection of civil liberties. Hence, they would likely join the protest movement.
- Army: The army is a military institution that is subject to government control and policies. They are typically not involved in protest movements, as their role is to maintain order and security within the country.
Therefore, the correct answer is D: Army.

The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was led by:
Answer: B. An organisation called FEDECOR, Confederation of factory workers’ unions
The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was a significant event in the country's history. It was led by various groups and organizations who were united in their opposition to the privatization of water resources. Among these, the most prominent leader was a organization called FEDECOR, Confederation of factory workers’ unions. Here is a detailed explanation of the groups involved in the protest:
- Socialist Party: While the Socialist Party may have been involved in the protest, it was not the leading force behind it. Other organizations played a more prominent role in organizing and mobilizing the protests.
- An organization called FEDECOR: FEDECOR, which stands for Confederation of factory workers’ unions, played a crucial role in leading the protest against water privatization. This organization represented the interests of factory workers and was at the forefront of the movement.
- Federation of farmers: The federation of farmers was also involved in the protest against water privatization. Farmers were deeply affected by the privatization of water resources as it threatened their livelihoods and access to water for irrigation.
- Confederation of Factory Workers’ Unions: This organization, similar to FEDECOR, represented the interests of factory workers and played a significant role in organizing and leading the protest.
Overall, the protest against water privatization in Bolivia was a collective effort led by various groups and organizations. However, the organization called FEDECOR, Confederation of factory workers’ unions, emerged as the leading force in mobilizing and advocating for the rights of the people against water privatization.

Background:
In Bolivia, a protest movement known as the "Bolivian Gas War" took place in 2003, which was primarily against the privatization of the country's natural gas resources. This protest movement led to the resignation of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada.
Party that came to power in Bolivia in 2006:
The political party that came to power in Bolivia in 2006 and supported the protest movement is the Socialist Party.
Explanation:
Here is a breakdown of the options and the correct answer:
- Socialist Party: This political party, led by Evo Morales, came to power in Bolivia in 2006. They supported the protest movement against the privatization of natural gas resources.
- Communist Party: The Communist Party of Bolivia did not come to power in 2006.
- Congress Party of Bolivia: There is no specific political party called the Congress Party of Bolivia. The country's legislative body is called the Plurinational Legislative Assembly.
- None of above: The correct answer is not "None of the above" as the Socialist Party came to power in Bolivia in 2006.
Therefore, the correct answer is Socialist Party (option A) that supported the protest in Bolivia and came to power in 2006.

The correct option is D.

In politics, a political party is an organized group of people who have the same ideology, or who otherwise have the same political positions, and who field candidates for elections, in an attempt to get them elected and thereby implement their agenda.

The functions political parties perform in a democracy are:

• Candidates are put forward by parties to contest in elections. ...

• Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the voters choose from them.

• Parties play an important role in making laws for a country. ...

Parties form and run governments.

All India Trade Union Congress is trade union federation in India, which was formed in 1920 in order to represent India at International Labor Organisation. It is a federation not a movement.

Most of the movements are issue-specific. They seek to achieve a single objective within a limited time frame while interest groups have many objectives: Movements try to achieve their goal within a limited time while interest groups fight for their goals over a longer tenure.

Movement:
- A movement refers to a collective effort by a group of individuals or organizations to bring about social, political, or environmental change.
- Movements often aim to address specific issues or advocate for certain causes.
- They typically involve a wide range of activities such as protests, demonstrations, advocacy campaigns, and awareness-raising initiatives.
Options:
A:

CII

- CII stands for the Confederation of Indian Industry.
- It is an association of Indian businesses and industries.
- However, CII is not a movement but rather a non-governmental organization representing the interests of Indian businesses.
B:

AITUC

- AITUC stands for the All India Trade Union Congress.
- It is a central trade union organization in India.
- AITUC primarily works to protect the rights and interests of workers.
- While it may engage in social activism, it is not specifically categorized as a movement.
C:

NGOs

- NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) are entities that are independent of government control.
- They operate for the benefit of society and work towards various causes.
- NGOs can be involved in movements, but the term "NGOs" itself does not refer to a specific movement.
D:

Environmental movement

- The environmental movement refers to a collective effort to address environmental issues and promote sustainability.
- It encompasses various organizations, activists, and individuals working to protect the environment.
- The movement advocates for conservation, pollution control, renewable energy, and other initiatives to mitigate environmental degradation.
Conclusion:
Among the given options, the Environmental movement (Option D) is the correct answer as it represents a specific movement focused on addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainability.