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Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - NEET MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test Topic-wise MCQ Tests for NEET - Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

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Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 1

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : Mendel was successful in his hybridization.
Reason : Garden pea proved ideal experimental material.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 1

Mendel chose garden pea as plant material for his experiments, since it had the following advantages:
(i) Well defined characters.
(ii) Bisexual flowers.
(iii) Predominantly self-fertilization.
(iv) Easy hybridization.

Besides these features, garden pea, being self-fertilized, had pure lines due to natural self-fertilization for a number of years. Therefore, any variety used was pure for the characters it carried. Mendel’s success was mainly based on the fact that he considered a single character at one time.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 2

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Mendel used true-breeding pea lines for artificial pollination experiments for his genetic studies.
Reason: For several generations, a true-breeding line shows the stable trait inheritance and expression.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 2

On garden pea for many years mendel carried out hybridization experiments. He performed various types of cross breeding and then allowed the offspring for self breeding. He selected varieties and used pure lines of ture breeding lines, i.e., they produce offspring resembling the parents. these lines show the stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations making them suitable for genetic studies

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Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 3

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: On true breeding lines, Mendel conducted cross pollination experiments.
Reason: For several generations, true breed line have stable trait inheritance.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 3

True breeding lines have inheritance of pure characters for several generations.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 4

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : Cross of F1 individual with recessive homozygous parent is test cross.
Reason : No recessive individual are obtained in the monohybrid test cross progeny.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 4

heterozygous and recessive individuals are obtained in 1 : 1 ratio.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 5

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The progeny produced have both the characters of parents.
Reason: The process by which characters pass from parent to progeny is known as inheritance.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 5

According to Mendelian inheritance, genes come in different varieties called alleles. Somatic cells contain 2 alleles with one allele provided by each parent of an organism.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 6

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The progeny in F2-generation traits were identical to their parental type.
Reason: The progeny show no blending of traits.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 6

Both the characters appear during the formation of F2-generation, so no blending occurs.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 7

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Genes pass from one generation to another.
Reason: The unit of inheritance are genes.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 7

Chromosomes carry gene that passes on the traits of parents to the offsprings during genetic recombination.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 8

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : In a monohybrid cross, F1 generation indicate dominant characters.
Reason : Dominance occurs only in heterozygous state.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 8

genetic recombination. 8. (c) Monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms of a species which is made to study the inheritance of a single pair of alleles or factors of a character. Dominant character is one of a pair of alleles which can express itself whether present in homozygous or heterozygous state. In F1, generation, the generation of hybrids produced from a cross between the genetically different homozygous individuals called parents the progenies are heterozygous dominant.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 9

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: In monohybrid cross, at F2 stage, both parental traits are expressed in 3 : 1 proportion.
Reason: At F2 stage, the contrasting parental traits show blending.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 9

generation are expressed in the ratio of three dominant to one recessive. Whereas, in F1 generation only one of the parental traits is expressed and the other lies hidden or unexpressed. However, in the hybrid there is no mixing of two characters. At the time formation of gamete, two factors separate or segregate and passes into different gametes, that hence have one factor of a pair. During fertilization, gametes fuse randomly so that factors come together in new generation and freely express themselves.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 10

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The cross between the F1 progeny and either of the parent types is a test cross.
Reason: The cross between F1 progeny and the double recessive genotype is back cross.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 10

Back cross is a cross of F1 hybrid with either of the two parents. When F1 offsprings are crossed with the dominant parents, all the F2 generation offsprings develop dominant character. On the other hand, when F1 hybrids are crossed with recessive parent, individuals with both the phenotypes appear in equal proportions. Crossing of F1 individual with dominant phenotype with its homozygous recessive parent is called test cross. It is used to determine whether the individuals exhibiting dominant characters are homozygous or heterozygous

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 11

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : A pair of contrasting characters is termed as allele.
Reason : Only one gene of an allele is expressed in an individual.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 11

An allele is an alternative form of a gene one member of a pair that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Diploid organisms, for example, humans, have paired homologous chromosomes in their somatic cells, and these contain two copies of each gene.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 12

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : In Mirabilis, selfing of F1 pink flower plants produces same phenotypic & genotypic ratio.
Reason : Flower colour gene shows incomplete dominance.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 12

F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratio in monohybrid cross involving incomplete dominance is

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 13

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Gametes receives only one allele of a gene.
Reason: During gamete formation, mitosis takes place leads to formation of haploid cells.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 13

Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed and during this process only one variant of gene pass to the gamete.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 14

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: In F2 generation of plant Mirabilis jalapa, the pink coloured flowers appear.
Reason: This is observed due epistatic suppression of white colour alleles in one of parental flowers by red colour alleles.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 14

In Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock) have two types, of flower colour in pure state: red and white. When the two types of plants are crossed, the hybrid or plants of F1 generation produce pink flowers. If the latter are selfed, the plants of F2 generation are of three types-red, pink and white flowered in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. Due to incomplete dominance of red (dominant) over white (recessive), the pink colour apparently appears. Thus, pink is differentiated from red and white.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 15

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: A good example of multiple alleles is ABO blood group sytem.
Reason: When IA and IB alleles are present together in ABO blood group sytem, they both express their own types.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 15

In the ABO system, consists four blood groups A, B, AB and O. ABO blood groups are controlled by gene I. The gene has three alleles IA, IB and i. This phenomenon is known as multiple allelism. IA and IB are completely dominant over i. When IA and IB are present together, they both express themselves and produce AB blood group. This phenomenon is known as codominance.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 16

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: By means of dihybrid cross, the law of independent assortment can be studied.
Reason: The law of independent assortment is applicable only to linked genes.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 16

The law of independent assortment states that two factors of each character separate or assort independent of the factors of other characters at the time of gamete formation and get randomly rearranged in the offspring producing both parental and traits of new combinations. The principle of law of independent assortment is applicable to only those factors or genes that are either located distantly on the same chromosome or occur on different chromosomes. Actually, a chromosome bears hundred of genes. All the genes of factors present on a chromosome are inherited together except when crossing over takes place.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 17

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: In Cucurbita pepo, variety of fruit is result of recessive epistasis.
Reason: In recessive epistatsis, a recessive gene at one locus enhances the expression of another gene, at a different locus.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 17

Fruit colour of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) is governed by a gene that produces yellow colour in dominant state (Y) and green colour in recessive state (YY). There is a non-pigment forming epistatic gene that in dominant state (W-_ produces white colour (W-Y-, W- yy) while in recessive state it allows the yellow (wwY-_ and green (wwyy) expression. This shows dominant epistasis where a dominant epistatic allele suppresses the expression of a non allellic gene whether the latter is dominant or recessive.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 18

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: The F1-generation resembles boththe parents in codominance.
Reason: An example is different type of red blood cells that determine ABO blood groupingin humans.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 18

When two alleles for trait are equally expressed with neither being recessive or dominant, is known as codominance. As for example– A person with type AB blood, that means both A and B alleles are equally expressed.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 19

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion : A women can go to the court if a man refuses to own his child. He has blood group B and women has A while child has O.
Reason : Genetically she is right he can be father of the child.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 19

In ABO blood group system, the classification of human blood is based on the inherited properties of red blood cells (erythrocytes) as determined by the presence or absence of the antigens A and B, which are carried on the surface of the red cells. One parent with A and another with B can produce a child with A, B, AB or O blood types.

Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 20

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as:

Assertion: Behaviour of chromosome is parallel to gene.
Reason: Genes are located on the chromosome.

Detailed Solution for Test: Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Question 20

During Anaphase of meiosis I, the two chromosome pairs can align at the metaphase plate independently of each other. Sutton and Boveri argued that the pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a pair of factors they carried. Thus, both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

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