Test: Psychology and Sociology - 2 - MCAT MCQ

The lens is responsible for focusing incoming light onto the retina, which is located at the back of the eye. The lens can change shape to adjust the focus and allow for clear vision.

Visual information travels from the retina to the optic chiasm, where some fibers cross to the opposite hemisphere, before continuing along the optic nerve. From the optic nerve, the information reaches the thalamus and then the visual cortex, where it is processed.

The blind spot, also known as the optic disc, is the area on the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye. This region lacks photoreceptor cells, which are responsible for detecting light, resulting in a blind spot in the visual field.

Cones are specialized photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for color vision. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light, which allows for the perception of red, green, and blue colors.

Accommodation refers to the ability of the lens in the eye to change its shape in order to focus on objects at different distances. This process allows for clear vision of objects both near and far.

The iris is the colored part of the eye and controls the size of the pupil. It can contract or dilate the pupil in response to changes in light intensity to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.

The Young-Helmholtz theory, also known as the trichromatic theory, proposes that color vision is based on three types of cones in the retina that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, corresponding to red, green, and blue.

The ventral pathway, also known as the "what pathway," is responsible for processing the details of visual stimuli, such as shape, color, and object recognition. It helps in identifying what an object is.

Prosopagnosia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces, even though other aspects of vision and cognitive function remain intact. It is often referred to as "face blindness."

Ganglion cells in the retina are responsible for detecting motion and spatial location in the visual field. They receive input from bipolar cells and transmit visual information to the brain via the optic nerve.

The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, plays a crucial role in the initial processing of visual information. It contains the primary visual cortex, which is responsible for basic visual processing.

Relative size is a visual cue that helps perceive depth and distance by comparing the apparent sizes of objects. When two objects are similar in shape, the smaller one is perceived as farther away.

The opponent-process theory of color vision suggests that color perception is based on opposing pairs of color receptors, such as red-green and blue-yellow. Activation of one color in the pair inhibits the perception of the other.

Macular degeneration is a condition that causes progressive degeneration of the macula, the central part of the retina. This leads to loss of central vision, making it difficult to see fine details or recognize faces.

The fovea is a small, central pit in the macula of the retina that contains the highest concentration of cones. It is responsible for sharp and detailed central vision, making it crucial for activities like reading and driving.