Test: Statistics for Economics- Assertions & Reason Type Questions - Commerce MCQ

Read the following passage and answer on the basis of the same :

The subject-matter of economics is divided into two major branches—Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies the economic behaviour of individual economic units and individual economic variables, whereas macroeconomics deals with the functioning of the economy as a whole. Macroeconomics deals

with the broad economic aggregates or bigger issues, such as full employment, unemployment, full capacity, under capacity production, inflation or deflation, etc. Macroeconomics is concerned with the theory of national income, employment, aggregate consumption, savings and investment, general price level, economic growth, etc. Whereas, microeconomics is concerned with the theory of product pricing, factor pricing and consumer behaviour, etc.

Positive economics is the branch of economics that concerns the description and explanation of economic phenomena. It focuses on facts and cause and effect behavioural relationships and includes the development and testing of economic theories. Positive economics is objective and facts based. Whereas normative economics is a part of economics that expresses value or normative judgments about economic fairness or what the outcome of the economy or goals of public policy ought to be. Normative economics is subjective and value based.

For example, the statement, “government-provided healthcare increases public expenditures” is a positive economic statement and the statement, “government should provide basic healthcare to all citizens” is a normative economic statement.

Q. Macroeconomics is concerned with the theory of national income, employment, aggregate consumption, savings and investment, general price level, economic growth.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

At the micro level, every economy faces three central problems, i.e., what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

What to Produce : The problem of ‘what to produce’ arises as the producers have limited resources. In an economy because of scarcity of resources, producers are unable to produce everything in bulk but they will have to make a choice as to which one is important as a whole so that limited resources can be rationally managed. Problem of ‘what to produce’ involves two-fold decisions : the kind of goods to be produced and the quantity of goods to be produced.

How to Produce : It is concerned with how to organise production. This problem is related to the choice of technique of production. It arises due to the availability of various techniques for the production of a commodity such as Labour– Intensive Technique and Capital–Intensive Technique.

For Whom to Produce : The problem of ‘for whom to produce’ is the problem of distribution of produced goods and services. At the micro level, the decision relates to different sets of buyers in the economy. In an economy, producers would obviously be inclined to produce more for the rich buyers to maximise their profits but, the government also intervenes to regulate the use of resources, so that enough production is done for the poorer sections of the society also.

Q. The problem of ..................... is the problem of distribution of produced goods and services.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

At the micro level, every economy faces three central problems, i.e., what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

What to Produce : The problem of ‘what to produce’ arises as the producers have limited resources. In an economy because of scarcity of resources, producers are unable to produce everything in bulk but they will have to make a choice as to which one is important as a whole so that limited resources can be rationally managed. Problem of ‘what to produce’ involves two-fold decisions : the kind of goods to be produced and the quantity of goods to be produced.

How to Produce : It is concerned with how to organise production. This problem is related to the choice of technique of production. It arises due to the availability of various techniques for the production of a commodity such as Labour– Intensive Technique and Capital–Intensive Technique.

For Whom to Produce : The problem of ‘for whom to produce’ is the problem of distribution of produced goods and services. At the micro level, the decision relates to different sets of buyers in the economy. In an economy, producers would obviously be inclined to produce more for the rich buyers to maximise their profits but, the government also intervenes to regulate the use of resources, so that enough production is done for the poorer sections of the society also.

State whether the given statement is true or false:

Q. The problem of how to produce is due to the quantum of goods to be produced.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

At the micro level, every economy faces three central problems, i.e., what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

What to Produce : The problem of ‘what to produce’ arises as the producers have limited resources. In an economy because of scarcity of resources, producers are unable to produce everything in bulk but they will have to make a choice as to which one is important as a whole so that limited resources can be rationally managed. Problem of ‘what to produce’ involves two-fold decisions : the kind of goods to be produced and the quantity of goods to be produced.

How to Produce : It is concerned with how to organise production. This problem is related to the choice of technique of production. It arises due to the availability of various techniques for the production of a commodity such as Labour– Intensive Technique and Capital–Intensive Technique.

For Whom to Produce : The problem of ‘for whom to produce’ is the problem of distribution of produced goods and services. At the micro level, the decision relates to different sets of buyers in the economy. In an economy, producers would obviously be inclined to produce more for the rich buyers to maximise their profits but, the government also intervenes to regulate the use of resources, so that enough production is done for the poorer sections of the society also.

Assertion (A): In an economy, producers are able to produce everything.

Reason (R): Due to the availability of various techniques for the production.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

At the micro level, every economy faces three central problems, i.e., what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

What to Produce : The problem of ‘what to produce’ arises as the producers have limited resources. In an economy because of scarcity of resources, producers are unable to produce everything in bulk but they will have to make a choice as to which one is important as a whole so that limited resources can be rationally managed. Problem of ‘what to produce’ involves two-fold decisions : the kind of goods to be produced and the quantity of goods to be produced.

How to Produce : It is concerned with how to organise production. This problem is related to the choice of technique of production. It arises due to the availability of various techniques for the production of a commodity such as Labour– Intensive Technique and Capital–Intensive Technique.

For Whom to Produce : The problem of ‘for whom to produce’ is the problem of distribution of produced goods and services. At the micro level, the decision relates to different sets of buyers in the economy. In an economy, producers would obviously be inclined to produce more for the rich buyers to maximise their profits but, the government also intervenes to regulate the use of resources, so that enough production is done for the poorer sections of the society also.

Q. In an economy, ..................... will be inclined to produce to maximise their profits.