Test: Taxonomic Categories - NEET MCQ

• The category "Genus" comprises a group of related species with more common characteristics than species of other genera.
• It is one level above species in the hierarchy.

• All organisms share common genetic material, i.e., DNA and RNA. However, it can vary to certain degrees.
• In fact, the whole theory of evolution is based on the similarity of genetic materials which indicates common ancestry for living organisms. Variations in the similarity of genetic material give biodiversity which we see all around us.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Chapter- "The Living World"  of NCERT

The correct option is A Decrease
In the Linnaean system of hierarchy, as we go from species to kingdom, the number of common characters decreases, while in the descending order, the number of common characteristics increases. For example, any genus (lower grade of classification) has members with more similarities as compared to a family (a higher grade of classification) which has members with fewer similarities among them.

• Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme of biological nomenclature.
• He is known as the father of taxonomy and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.
• In botany, the author abbreviation used to indicate Linnaeus as the authority for the species name. In older publications, sometimes the abbreviation "Linn" is found. Hence, L signifies the taxonomist, Linneaus.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

• As we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on decreasing.
• Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.
• Higher the category, greater is the difficulty of determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

• The presence of notochord and dorsal hollow neural system is a characteristic used to classify animals at the Phylum level in the taxonomic hierarchy.
• Notochord: The notochord is a flexible, rod-like structure that runs along the dorsal (back) side of the organism.
• Dorsal Hollow Neural System: This feature refers to the arrangement of the nervous system.

Taxonomic classification is a multi-step process, these taxons are in order and hence also called taxonomic hierarchy. It depends upon the characteristics of the organisms and includes their similarities and differences in them.

• Species: This taxonomic category contains a group of individuals that have common fundamental similarities. Species can be distinct from one another by morphological differences.
• Genus: This taxonomic classification contains a group of related species. These species have a few common characters among themselves. For example, the genus Felis includes all cats. The genus Panthera includes P.tigris, P.pardus, P.leo; these are tiger, leopard, and lion respectively.
• Family: This taxonomic category contains a group of related genera; in plants, families are divided into two categories: vegetative and reproductive structures. In animals, they are based on physical similarities between two genera, which are fewer than at the species and genus level. For example, house cats and lions both belong to the Felidae family, and dogs and wolves both belong to the Canidae family.
• Order: This taxonomic category has a group of related families, these are identified based on aggregated characters. Families that exhibit similar characters are placed under a single order. Felidae and Canidae both come under the order Carnivora.
• Class: This taxonomic category comprises related orders. The class Mammalia includes Primata and Carnivora which are composed of monkeys, humans, gorillas, gibbons, and tiger dogs, cats, and wolves. The class Mammalia has many more orders on it.
• Phylum/Division: This taxonomic category comprises many classes. These phyla are classified on the basis of fundamental features like the presence of the notochord and are classified under phylum Chordata. In the case of plants, this taxonomic category is called Division.
• Kingdom: This is the highest taxonomic classification and consists of many phyla. The Kingdom Animalia consists of all heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotic animals.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

NCERT Reference: Page no. 9, 10 and 11 of topic “1.3 Taxonomic categories” of chapter 1 of NCERT

The taxon 'family' ends with 'ceae' in the scientific classification of organisms. The taxonomic hierarchy is a system of classification used to organize living things into groups based on their characteristics. The hierarchy includes seven main taxonomic ranks, from the most general to the most specific:

• Kingdom
• Phylum (in animals) or Division (in plants)
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

Each rank is characterized by a specific ending in Latin, which is used to form the names of taxa at that rank. The ending for the taxon 'family' is 'ceae'.

Examples of families in the scientific classification include the family Canidae (dogs, wolves, and foxes), the family Felidae (cats), and the family Rosaceae (roses, apples, and plums).

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

NOTE: This question is based on the overall understanding of the Taxonomic Categories.

The correct order of taxonomic hierarchy from the lowest (most specific) to the highest (most general) category is Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum (or Division for plants), and Kingdom.

• Tritica aestivum (Wheat) (Species: Aestivum; Genus: Tritica)
• Musca domestica (House fly) (Species: Domestica; Genus: Musca)
• Oryza sativa (Rice) (Species: Sativa; Genus: Oryza)
• Glycine max (Soybean) (Species: Max; Genus: Glycine).

It’s necessary that binomial nomenclature is written in italics with generic epithet starting with capital letter and specific epithet written in small letter.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

• Taxonomy can be defined as the study of principles, rules, and procedures of classification.
• All living organisms are arranged into different groups based on the similarities and dissimilarities in them.
• These groups are referred to as ranks or categories. All the categories together are referred to as Taxonomic Hierarchy.
• Taxon refers to a group of living organisms that represent a concrete unit of classification.
• Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species are the compulsory categories in a Taxonomic Hierarchy.
• Sub-order, sub-family, etc. are facultative categories that are used as per need.
  

Correct answer is D. Panthera leo

The correct answer is D: Panthera leo

Here's why:

• The scientific name for a lion is Panthera leo.
• Scientific names are written in Latin and consist of two parts: the genus name (Panthera) and the species name (leo).
• Option A, Mangifera indica, refers to the mango tree.
• Option B, Solanum tuberosum, refers to the potato plant.
• Option C, Panthera nigrum, is incorrect and does not refer to any known species.

• As we move higher from species to kingdom in the taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics shared among the members within the taxon decreases.
• Lower taxa have more shared characteristics, while higher taxa have fewer shared characteristics, making classification more complex at higher levels.

• Felidae is the family to which lion, tiger, leopard and cats etc. belong to.
• Canidae refers to the family to which wolves, dogs, jackals and foxes etc. belong to.
• Panthera refers to the genus to which lion, tiger and leopard belong to.
• Mammalia is a class of animals which includes all the milk-feeding animals like dogs, cats, humans, bats etc.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

When transitioning from species to kingdom:

- The number of similarities decreases compared to the previous taxon.

This shift occurs because as we move up the taxonomic hierarchy from species to kingdom, we encompass a broader range of organisms. Kingdoms are more inclusive and encompass a wider variety of characteristics, leading to a reduction in the number of similarities observed between different organisms at the kingdom level compared to the species level.