Test: The Living World- 1

The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second word denotes the specific epithet. Hence, the correct option is Two.

• Taxonomy is a ‘branch of science’ that deals with arrangement of organisms into taxa based on their characteristics and behavioural changes.  
• Each organism is given a separate taxonomic rank and is put under the categories such as ‘phylum’ (division is sometimes used in ‘botany in place of phylum’), kingdom, class, family, genus, order, and species.

The universal rules of nomenclature are as follows:

• Biological names are in Latin and are written in italics.
• The first word in the name indicates the genus, while the second word denotes its specific epithet.
• When the name is handwritten, both the words are separately underlined. When printed, the name is in italics.
• The first letter of the first word is always written in capital, while the first letter of the specific epithet, i.e. the second word, is a small letter.

Examples: Homo sapiens, Mangifera indica

• Phylum (for Animals) or Division (for Plants) comprises a group of closely related classes.
• Genus comprises a group of related species. 
• Family has a group of related genus.
• Order has a group of related family.

Hence, the correct option is Phylum.

ICBN stands for International Code for Botanical Nomenclature that frames rules for the nomenclature of plants applicable all over the world.

• Botanical gardens and zoological parks are specialized places where living plants are grown and living animals are kept (where they can reproduce too) respectively.
• Both, endemic (local), as well as exotic (foreign to that place) species, are kept in these places. They can be used for scientific studies.
• Example: Botanical garden at Kew, England, and National Zoological Park, Delhi.

The scientific names of any species are given by ICBN and ICZN. They also framed the universal rule for using the scientific name. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is in charge of producing a set of regulations for naming animals and solving nomenclatural difficulties.

Solanum, Panthera, Homo are examples of Genera.
Example:

1. Potato → Genus: Solanum; 
   Species: tuberosum
2. Human → Genus: Homo;
   Species: sapiens
3. Lion → Genus: Panthera; 
   Species: leo

The basic unit of classification is species. Species are population of organisms that can inter breed among themselves to produce new organisms.

The herbarium is a storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed, and preserved on sheets. Hence, the correct option is the Collection of dried plant specimens.

Herbarium Sheet:

The correct hierarchy of classification of various taxons in descending order is given by:
Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

The kingdom is the highest taxon with the least similar characters shared between its various members while species is the lowest level with almost similar morphological and behavioural similarities.

Species is followed by Genus with slightly fewer similarities among its members.
So, the correct answer is 'Species'

The National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) is a research institute of CSIR in Lucknow. It is engaged in the field of taxonomy and modern biology.

So the correct option is 'Lucknow'.

Born on 5 July 1904, in Kempten, Germany, ERNST MAYR, the Harvard University evolutionary biologist who has been called ‘The Darwin of the 20th century’, was one of the 100 greatest scientists of all time.

Family is a taxonomic category which contains one or more related genera. All the genera of a family have some common features and they are separable from genera of a related family by important characteristic differences.

• This method (Cladistics) helps in the classification of the organism on the basis of comparison with the other organisms.
• The organisms are compared on the basis of the evolution, history, and the relationship between them.
• The genetic relation help in identifying the ancestors.
• This method (Cladistics) helps in the classification of the organism on the basis of comparison with the other organisms.

A manual is a useful book that contains information on the occurrence, collecting, and identification of species present in a specific area.

• Mangifera indica Linn is the scientific name for mango.
• The Linn is the abbreviation which is used for the scientist who named it, Carolus Linnaeus, whenever such abbreviation is used after the scientific name then it always shows the name of the scientist who named it.
• Mangifera represents the genus and indicia represent the species.

• The phylum is the highest level of classification or taxonomic rank that comes under the kingdom. As a result, the species in a phylum are more similar than the animals in the kingdom. 
• In addition, the phylum can be defined as the classification level above class.
• Animals belonging to a phylum have less similarities than those belonging to a class. As a result, the taxonomic unit 'Phylum' in animal classification is equivalent to the taxonomic unit 'Division' in plant classification.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

• There is no suffix for genus and species.
• Family is a taxonomic category between the division and order.
• It includes one or more genera. Its suffix is 'aceae'. For example, Solanaceae (potato family).
• In case of vascular plants order ends with suffix 'ales' ​

Hence, the correct option is Family.

• Key is a taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities.
• The keys are based on the contrasting characters generally in a pair called couplet. It represents the choice made between two opposite options. This results in acceptance of only one and rejection of the other.
• Each statement in the key is called a lead.
• Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes.
• Examples:
  ► Ear wings and mammary glands are present – bat.
  ► Beak, feathers, wings are present – birds.
  ► Mammary glands, pinna, and scales are absent; Limbs and slimy skin is present – Frog.