Test: The Living World- 1

The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second word denotes the specific epithet.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

NCERT Reference: Page no. 7 from chapter 1 of NCERT

• Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.
• Each organism is given a separate taxonomic rank and is put under the categories such as ‘phylum’ (division is sometimes used in ‘botany in place of phylum’), kingdom, class, family, genus, order, and species.
• Systematics is the study of the kinds of organisms of the past and living today, and of the relationships among these organisms.
• Key is taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities.
• Binomial nomenclature is a system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: “Systematics, taxonomy, keys and binomial nomenclature” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

The universal rules of nomenclature are as follows:

• Biological names are in Latin and are written in italics.
• The first word in the name indicates the genus, while the second word denotes its specific epithet.
• When the name is handwritten, both the words are separately underlined. When printed, the name is in italics.
• The first letter of the first word is always written in capital, while the first letter of the specific epithet, i.e. the second word, is a small letter.

Examples: Homo sapiens, Mangifera indica

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Page no. 7 from chapter 1 of NCERT

• A group of closely related classes is called Phylum.

• The genus comprises a group of related species which has more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera.

• Classes comprising animals like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds along with mammals constitute the next higher category called Phylum. All these, based on the common features like presence of notochord and dorsal hollow neural system, are included in phylum Chordata.

• Order being a higher category, is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters. The similar characters are less in number as compared to different genera included in a family.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: “family, genus, phylum, order ” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

ICBN stands for International Code for Botanical Nomenclature that frames rules for the nomenclature of plants applicable all over the world.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

NCERT Reference: Topic “Diversity in the living world” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

• Botanical gardens and zoological parks are specialized places where living plants are grown and living animals are kept (where they can reproduce too) respectively.
• Both, endemic (local), as well as exotic (foreign to that place) species, are kept in these places. They can be used for scientific studies.
• Example: Botanical garden at Kew, England, and National Zoological Park, Delhi.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

NCERT Reference: Topics “Botanical garden and Zoological parks” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is in charge of producing a set of regulations for naming animals and solving nomenclatural difficulties.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Topic “Diversity in the living world” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

Solanum, Panthera, Homo are examples of Genera.
Example:

1. Potato → Genus: Solanum; 
   Species: tuberosum
2. Human → Genus: Homo;
   Species: sapiens
3. Lion → Genus: Panthera; 
   Species: leo

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

NCERT Reference: Topic “Genus” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

The basic unit of classification is species. Species are populations of organisms that can inter breed among themselves to produce new organisms.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

NCERT Reference: Topic “Taxonomic categories” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

The herbarium is a storehouse of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed, and preserved on sheets. 

Herbarium Sheet:

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

NCERT Reference: Topic “Herbarium” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

The correct hierarchy of classification of various taxons in descending order is given by:
Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species

The kingdom is the highest taxon with the least similar characters shared between its various members while species is the lowest level with almost similar morphological and behavioural similarities.

Species is followed by Genus with slightly fewer similarities among its members.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

NCERT Reference: Topic “Taxonomic categories” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

The National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) is a research institute of CSIR in Lucknow. It is engaged in the field of taxonomy and modern biology.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

NCERT Reference: Topic “Botanical gardens” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

Born on 5 July 1904, in Kempten, Germany, Ernst Mayr, the Harvard University evolutionary biologist who has been called ‘The Darwin of the 20th century’, was one of the 100 greatest scientists of all time.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Page no. 2 from Chapter 1 of NCERT

• A taxon is a taxonomic group of any ranking whereas a group of related species is the genus and a group of related families is the order.
• Biodiversity is the number and type of organisms present on Earth.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Page no. 8 of topic “1.3 TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES” of chapter 1 of NCERT

• Mangifera indica is the scientific name for mango.
• Mangifera represents the genus and indicia represents the species.
• Mangifera indica Linn. It indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

NCERT Reference: Page no. 7 from chapter 1 of NCERT

• A manual is a useful book that contains information on the occurrence, collecting, and identification of species present in a specific area
• Key is taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities.
• Monograph is a scholarly book or a treatise on a single subject or a group of related subjects, usually written by one person.
• Flora contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area. These provide the index to the plant species found in a particular area.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Topic “Keys” from Chapter 1 of NCERT

Both the statements are correct. Closely linked organisms belong to the same species and they can interbreed among themselves to produce fertile progenies.

Hence, the Correct Answer is A

NCERT Reference: Page no. 9 of topic “1.3.1 Species” of chapter 1 of NCERT

• The phylum is the highest level of classification or taxonomic rank that comes under the kingdom. As a result, the species in a phylum are more similar than the animals in the kingdom. 
• In addition, the phylum can be defined as the classification level above class.
• Animals belonging to a phylum have less similarities than those belonging to a class. As a result, the taxonomic unit 'Phylum' in animal classification is equivalent to the taxonomic unit 'Division' in plant classification.

Hence, the Correct Answer is D

NCERT Reference: Topic “Phylum” from chapter 1 of NCERT

• Family includes one or more genera. Its suffix is 'aceae'. For example, Solanaceae (potato family).
• There is no suffix for genus and species.
• Family is a taxonomic category between the division and order.

Hence, the Correct Answer is C

• Key is a taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities.
• The keys are based on the contrasting characters generally in a pair called couplet. It represents the choice made between two opposite options. This results in acceptance of only one and rejection of the other.
• Each statement in the key is called a lead.
• Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes.
• Examples:
  ► Ear wings and mammary glands are present – bat.
  ► Beak, feathers, wings are present – birds.
  ► Mammary glands, pinna, and scales are absent; Limbs and slimy skin is present – Frog.

Hence, the Correct Answer is B

NCERT Reference: Topic “Keys”  from chapter 1 of NCERT