Test: The Supreme Court - Class 10 MCQ

The advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court allows it to provide legal opinions on significant public matters referred by the President. However, these opinions are not binding, giving the President the flexibility to act according to their discretion.

As the 'guardian of the Constitution', the Supreme Court's primary role is to interpret and safeguard constitutional rights. This function is crucial for ensuring that the principles of democracy and justice are upheld, and that citizens' rights are protected against infringement.

Original jurisdiction refers to the Supreme Court's authority to hear certain cases directly without them being filed in lower courts. This includes cases involving disputes between the government and states, as well as violations of fundamental rights.

Any citizen of India whose fundamental rights are violated can directly approach the Supreme Court. This accessibility is a cornerstone of the judiciary's role in protecting individual rights and freedoms.

The Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction encompasses constitutional, civil, and criminal cases. This broad authority ensures that significant legal questions can be reviewed and resolved at the highest judicial level.

The Supreme Court serves as the highest court of appeal in India, which means it has the authority to review and modify decisions made by lower courts. This crucial role ensures that justice is upheld across the country, and individuals can appeal their cases to the highest legal authority.

A judge of the Supreme Court holds office until the age of 65 years. This age limit ensures that judges can serve a significant tenure while also allowing for regular turnover to bring in new perspectives to the bench.

Judges of the Supreme Court can only be removed through impeachment, which requires a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament for proven misbehavior or incapacity. This rigorous process is intended to protect judicial independence.

The Supreme Court can hear appeals from any lower court, including both civil and criminal matters. This broad scope allows the Supreme Court to review significant legal issues and ensure consistency in the application of the law across the country.

A 'court of record' maintains official records of its proceedings, including judgments and orders. These records can be used as evidence in future cases, thus providing a reliable historical account of judicial decisions.

The impeachment process for removing a judge from the Supreme Court requires a two-thirds majority in both Houses of Parliament. This significant requirement is designed to prevent arbitrary or politically motivated dismissals, thereby protecting judicial independence.

The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court includes cases such as disputes between the Government of India and states, which can only be filed directly in the Supreme Court. This authority ensures that significant disputes are addressed by the highest court from the outset.

The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, allowing it to examine laws passed by the government and declare them null and void if they violate the Constitution. This function is vital for upholding the rule of law and protecting citizens' rights.

A judge of the Supreme Court can resign by submitting a letter of resignation to the President of India. This formal procedure ensures that the resignation is officially recorded and recognized.

The President of India is responsible for appointing judges to the Supreme Court, but this process involves consultation with other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. This system is designed to maintain the independence of the judiciary from political influences.

The Supreme Court protects the dignity of its decisions by punishing individuals for contempt of court. This power is essential for maintaining respect for the judicial process and ensuring that court rulings are followed.

An independent judiciary is crucial in a federal structure as it helps maintain the balance of power between state and central governments. This independence ensures that no single entity can dominate the legal landscape, protecting the rights of citizens and the integrity of the Constitution.

The power of judicial review enables the Supreme Court to ensure that all laws and executive actions comply with the Constitution. This role is vital for upholding the rule of law and protecting citizens' fundamental rights.

The Chief Justice can recommend the transfer of High Court judges, but such recommendations are not binding on the government if made without consulting the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. This process maintains a level of checks and balances within the judiciary.

One of the functions of the Chief Justice of India includes appointing judges of the High Courts. This power is significant in ensuring that qualified individuals are appointed to the higher judiciary, thereby upholding the integrity of the judicial system.