Test: Understanding our Criminal Justice System - UPSC MCQ

Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26th January, 1950 and is located on Tilak Marg, New Delhi. The Supreme Court of India functioned from the Parliament House till it moved to the present building. It has a 27.6 metre high dome and a spacious colonnaded verandah.

Manipur, Meghalay and Tripura got their own High Court in 2013, taking the number from 21 to 24. Currently there are 25 high courts.

Judicial review, power of the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative arms of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the constitution. Actions judged inconsistent are declared unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void.

The judicial system of India is mainly consisting of three types of courts- the Supreme Court, The High Courts and the subordinate courts

Answer:
The correct answer is B: Supreme Court.
Explanation:
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body in India and is located in New Delhi. Here is a detailed explanation:
Supreme Court:
- The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country and is located in New Delhi.
- It was established on January 28, 1950, and is the final court of appeal and the highest constitutional court.
- The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction.
- It has the power of judicial review and can strike down laws and government actions that are unconstitutional.
- The Chief Justice of India is the head of the Supreme Court.
Other options mentioned in the question:
District Court:
- District Courts are the lower courts in the judicial hierarchy of India.
- They have jurisdiction over a specific district or administrative division.
- District Courts deal with both civil and criminal cases within their territorial jurisdiction.
High Court:
- High Courts are the intermediate level courts in the Indian judicial system.
- Each state in India has its own High Court.
- High Courts have appellate jurisdiction over the District Courts and original jurisdiction over certain cases.
Subordinate Court:
- Subordinate Courts are the lower courts below the High Courts in the Indian judicial system.
- They include courts such as Sessions Courts, Magistrate Courts, and Civil Courts at the district level.
- Subordinate Courts handle most of the civil and criminal cases at the district level.
In conclusion, the top judicial body located in New Delhi is the Supreme Court of India.

Equal before the law:
-

All people

: Regardless of their social status, wealth, race, gender, or any other characteristic, all individuals are considered equal before the law.
-

Lawyers

,

President

,

Ministers

: While these positions may hold significant power and influence, they are not inherently equal before the law. The law applies to them as it does to any other individual, but their roles and responsibilities may differ.
-

All people

: This is the correct answer as it emphasizes the principle of equality before the law, which is a fundamental aspect of a just and fair legal system. It ensures that no one is above the law and that all individuals have the same rights and protections.
In summary, the correct answer is D. All people are equal before the law, regardless of their social status, occupation, or position of power. This principle ensures fairness and justice in the legal system.

Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the life and personal liberty to all persons. It guarantees the right of persons to life with human dignity. Therein are included, all the aspects of life which go to make a person's life meaningful, complete and worth living.

Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals,  organizations, or between the two, in which compensation  is awarded to the victim. “Preponderance of evidence” The burden of proof falls on  the plaintiff. One must produce evidence beyond the  balance of probabilities. Landlord/tenant disputes, divorce proceedings, child  custody proceedings, property disputes, personal injury, etc.

The subordinate courts are tge courts which deal both civil and criminal cases.Thesubordinate courts are situated in districts. There are three types of subordinate courts in India.They are: Junior civil judge/ junior first class magistrate

Public Interest Litigation is directly filed by an individual or group of people in the Supreme Court and High Courts and judicial member. The person who is filing the petition must not have any personal interest in the litigation, this petition is accepted by the court only if there is interest of large public involved.