Test: Understanding our Criminal Justice System

Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26th January, 1950 and is located on Tilak Marg, New Delhi. The Supreme Court of India functioned from the Parliament House till it moved to the present building. It has a 27.6 metre high dome and a spacious colonnaded verandah.

Manipur, Meghalay and Tripura got their own High Court in 2013, taking the number from 21 to 24. Currently there are 25 high courts.

Judicial review, power of the courts of a country to examine the actions of the legislative, executive, and administrative arms of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the constitution. Actions judged inconsistent are declared unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void.

The judicial system of India is mainly consisting of three types of courts- the Supreme Court, The High Courts and the subordinate courts

Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the life and personal liberty to all persons. It guarantees the right of persons to life with human dignity. Therein are included, all the aspects of life which go to make a person's life meaningful, complete and worth living.

Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals,  organizations, or between the two, in which compensation  is awarded to the victim. “Preponderance of evidence” The burden of proof falls on  the plaintiff. One must produce evidence beyond the  balance of probabilities. Landlord/tenant disputes, divorce proceedings, child  custody proceedings, property disputes, personal injury, etc.

The subordinate courts are tge courts which deal both civil and criminal cases.Thesubordinate courts are situated in districts. There are three types of subordinate courts in India.They are: Junior civil judge/ junior first class magistrate

Public Interest Litigation is directly filed by an individual or group of people in the Supreme Court and High Courts and judicial member. The person who is filing the petition must not have any personal interest in the litigation, this petition is accepted by the court only if there is interest of large public involved.