Test: Water Demand

Explanation: The average domestic water demand in India is 135 litres per capita per day. For developed countries, average domestic water demand is around 340 lpcd because they live a luxurious life.

Explanation: The average water consumption in factories is 30lpcd when no bathrooms are required and 45lpcd when bathrooms are required.

Explanation: The minimum average water consumption takes place in fire demand. It accounts to 1lpcd which is very less but this water is required in very less duration.

Explanation: The minimum water presure available at fire hydrants is 100-150kN/m² i.e 10-15m of water head and it should be maintained for 4 to 5 hours.

Explanation: Kuchling’s formula is used when the population of the city exceeds 50,000.
When the population of the city is less than 2 lakh, the above formula for central congested high value city is used.

Explanation: By Buston’s formula , Q = 5663√P where P in thousands. Here, P =100, Q = 5663√100 => Q = 56630.

Explanation: Water loss in thefts and wastes contributes to 15% of total consumption, which includes the water loss due to leakage or stolen due to illegal connection.

Explanation: The per capita demand is the annual average amount of daily water required by one person. It is denoted by q in litres per day per person.

Explanation: Increase in cost of water, quality of water and size of the city will result in more consumption of water. Poor habits of people in the utilization of water will also cause greater consumption.

Explanation: Rich class consumes more water, loss of water is more if the pressure in distribution system is more, water consumption is more in flush system and b option is the only correct statement.

Explanation: Maximum hourly demand = 2.7 * annual average hourly demand
=2.7 * 10000
=27000m³.

Explanation: Maximum daily draft +fire draft = 25 + 35 = 60MLD
Maximum hourly draft = 40MLD
Coincident draft is maximum of maximum draft draft + fire draft and maximum hourly draft =60MLD.

Explanation: Water treatment unit is designed for 15 years and its design discharge is a maximum daily demand.

Explanation: Intake structures and the pipe mains that carry water from intake structures to treatment plant are designed for maximum daily demand.

Explanation: Distribution system is designed for 30 years, the demand reservoir for 50 years, the water treatment unit for 15 years and the pipe mains for 30 years.
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 3 4 1
c) 2 1 4 3
d) 1 2 4 3