The Age Of Industrialisation - Olympiad Level MCQ, Class 10 SST - Class 10 MCQ

The main function of a jobber employed by industrialists was:
- To get a new recruit: The jobber's main responsibility was to recruit new employees for the industrialists. They would search for suitable candidates, conduct interviews, and recommend potential hires to the industrialists.
- To supply raw material: Although the jobber's primary role was recruitment, they might also be involved in sourcing and procuring raw materials for the industrialists. This could include negotiating with suppliers, ensuring timely delivery, and maintaining inventory levels.
- To set up industries: The jobber was not primarily responsible for setting up industries. This task would typically fall under the purview of the industrialists themselves or other specialized professionals such as engineers and architects.
- To collect money: The jobber's role did not involve collecting money. This responsibility would usually be handled by accountants or financial officers employed by the industrialists.
Based on the given options, the correct answer is C: To get a new recruit.

Pre-colonial ports of India:
- The pre-colonial period in India refers to the time before the arrival of European colonizers.
- During this time, several ports played a significant role in trade and commerce.
- The major pre-colonial ports of India were:
1. Surat:
- Located in present-day Gujarat.
- Known for its flourishing textile industry and trade with the Ottoman Empire, Persia, and other regions.
- Served as a major hub for the export of Indian textiles, spices, and precious stones.
2. Masulipatam (Machilipatnam):
- Situated in present-day Andhra Pradesh.
- A prominent port on the Coromandel Coast.
- Known for its maritime trade with Southeast Asia, China, and the Persian Gulf.
- Exported textiles, rice, indigo, and other goods.
3. Madras (Chennai):
- Located on the east coast of India in present-day Tamil Nadu.
- Emerged as an important port during the pre-colonial period.
- Served as a center for trade with Southeast Asia, China, and the Persian Gulf.
- Exported textiles, spices, and other goods.
4. Hoogly (Haldia, Kolkata):
- Situated on the Hooghly River in present-day West Bengal.
- Served as a significant port for trade with Southeast Asia and the Persian Gulf.
- Exported textiles, indigo, and other commodities.
Conclusion:
The pre-colonial ports of India included Surat and Masulipatam, among others. These ports played a crucial role in facilitating trade and commerce with various regions during the pre-colonial period.

The Improved Steam Engine by James Watt

James Watt is the person who improved the steam engine produced by New Comen. Here are the details:

• Mathew Boulton: Mathew Boulton was an important figure in the development of the steam engine, but he did not directly improve the steam engine produced by New Comen.


• James Walt: James Walt is the correct answer. He is best known for his improvements to the steam engine, which included the addition of a separate condenser and other enhancements that significantly increased its efficiency.


• Henry Ford: Henry Ford is not related to the development or improvement of the steam engine.


• Grahm Bell: Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the telephone and did not contribute to the improvement of the steam engine.

In conclusion, James Watt is the person who improved the steam engine produced by New Comen.

Who produced the Steam Engine?

Answer: C. Newcomen

Explanation:

The steam engine, considered one of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution, was developed by multiple inventors over several centuries. However, the person often credited with producing the first practical steam engine is Thomas Newcomen. Here are some key points about his contribution:

• Thomas Newcomen: Thomas Newcomen was an English inventor and engineer who lived from 1664 to 1729.


• Newcomen's Steam Engine: In 1712, Newcomen invented and built the first practical steam engine, known as the Newcomen atmospheric engine.


• Working Principle: Newcomen's engine used steam pressure to create a vacuum, which was then used to draw water up from mineshafts. It operated on the principle of atmospheric pressure.


• Widespread Use: Newcomen's steam engine was widely used in the mining industry to pump out water from mines, greatly improving efficiency and safety.


• James Watt's Improvements: While Newcomen's engine was a significant advancement, it was James Watt who made significant improvements to the design in the 1760s, increasing its efficiency and making it more commercially viable.


• James Watt: James Watt was a Scottish engineer and inventor who is often associated with the development of the steam engine, but he built upon the foundation laid by Newcomen.

Therefore, while James Watt's contributions to the steam engine are well-known, the first practical steam engine was produced by Thomas Newcomen.

Replacement of Surat and Hooghly:

The replacement of Surat and Hooghly took place during a specific time period. Based on the given information, the correct answer is option B: Bombay and Calcutta. Let's break down the solution:

Step 1: Understand the question

The question asks for the replacements of Surat and Hooghly.

Step 2: Analyze the options

We have four options to choose from:

• Option A: Bombay and Orissa


• Option B: Bombay and Calcutta


• Option C: Masulipatam and Calcutta


• Option D: None of the above

Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options

Since we are looking for the replacements of Surat and Hooghly, we can eliminate options A, C, and D as they do not involve these locations.

Step 4: Determine the correct answer

Based on the elimination process, the correct answer is option B: Bombay and Calcutta. Surat and Hooghly were replaced with Bombay and Calcutta.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Bombay and Calcutta.

To determine which European managing agency did not control Indian industries, we need to examine the given options:
A: Bird Heiglers and Company
B: Andrew Yule
C: Indian Industrial and Commerce Congress
D: Jardine Skinner and Company
Among these options, the correct answer is C: Indian Industrial and Commerce Congress. This is because the Indian Industrial and Commerce Congress was not a European managing agency but rather a political organization in India. It was founded in 1920 and aimed to promote Indian business interests and protect Indian industries from foreign competition.
On the other hand, the other options are European managing agencies that had a significant role in controlling Indian industries during the colonial period:
- Bird Heiglers and Company: A British managing agency that had interests in various industries in India, including jute mills.
- Andrew Yule: A British managing agency that was involved in tea, engineering, and electrical industries in India.
- Jardine Skinner and Company: A British managing agency that had interests in various industries, including textiles and shipping.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Indian Industrial and Commerce Congress.

Trade Links with South Asian Ports

The city that had trade links with South Asian ports is:

• Masulipatam - It had trade links with South Asian ports.

The other cities mentioned in the options did not have trade links with South Asian ports:

• Hoogly


• Surat


• Bombay (Mumbai)

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Masulipatam and Hoogly.

Appointed Supervisor for Weavers, Collection of Supplies, and Examination of Cloth Quality:
The British government appointed the position of a Gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.
Explanation:
- The Gomastha was a representative of the British government who acted as an overseer in the textile industry during the colonial period.
- Their primary role was to ensure the smooth operation of the weaving industry and maintain the quality of the cloth produced.
- The Gomastha supervised the weavers, ensuring they followed the instructions provided by the British authorities and maintained the desired standards.
- They were responsible for collecting supplies required by the weavers, such as raw materials and equipment, to ensure uninterrupted production.
- The Gomastha also played a crucial role in examining the quality of the finished cloth. They would inspect the fabric to ensure it met the required standards and specifications set by the British government.
- Their presence helped the British government exercise control over the textile industry and maintain their dominance in the production and trade of cloth during that time.

Earliest factories in England:

The earliest factories in England emerged during the Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to the 19th centuries. The Industrial Revolution marked a significant shift from manual labor to machinery-based production.

Identifying the year:

The question asks for the year in which the earliest factories in England came up. To determine the correct answer, we need to consider the timeline of the Industrial Revolution and the establishment of factories in England.

Timeline:

• The Industrial Revolution started in the mid-18th century.


• The first significant developments in factory production occurred in the textile industry.


• Richard Arkwright is often credited with establishing the first true factory in England.


• Arkwright's water-powered cotton spinning mill, known as Cromford Mill, was built in Derbyshire, England.


• The construction of Cromford Mill began in the 1770s.

Answer:

Based on the timeline and the establishment of Cromford Mill, the earliest factories in England came up in the 1770s. Therefore, the correct answer is C: 1730.

Industrialists' Employed Recruiters:
The industrialists usually employed recruiters to get new recruits. Among the given options, the most suitable answer is the "jobber." Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Gomastha:
- A Gomastha was a supervisor or overseer who was responsible for managing the laborers and workers in an industrial establishment.
- However, their role did not primarily involve recruiting new employees. They focused more on supervising and maintaining discipline among the existing workforce.
2. Policeman:
- Policemen are law enforcement officers who maintain public order and safety.
- While they might be involved in maintaining law and order within or near industrial areas, their primary role is not recruitment.
3. Sepoy:
- A Sepoy refers to a soldier, typically in the Indian context during the colonial period.
- While Sepoys might have been used in certain situations to control labor unrest or strikes, their primary role is not recruiting new employees for industrialists.
4. Jobber:
- A jobber, also known as a labor contractor, was commonly employed by industrialists to recruit new workers.
- They would travel to rural areas or other regions to find potential laborers who were willing to work in industries.
- Jobbers would negotiate wages, terms of employment, and help transport the recruited workers to the industrial sites.
- They played a crucial role in bridging the gap between the industrialists and the labor force, ensuring a steady supply of workers for the factories.
Therefore, among the given options, the jobber was the one usually employed by industrialists to get new recruits.

The first cotton mill in Bombay (Mumbai) came up in the year 1854.
Here is the detailed explanation:
- The first cotton mill in Bombay (Mumbai) was established in the year 1854.
- The establishment of the cotton mill marked the beginning of the textile industry in Bombay (Mumbai).
- The cotton mill played a significant role in the industrialization of Bombay (Mumbai) and contributed to its growth as a major textile hub in India.
- The cotton mill introduced modern machinery and techniques in the production of cotton textiles, which led to increased productivity and efficiency.
- The establishment of the cotton mill also created employment opportunities for a large number of people, both skilled and unskilled, thereby contributing to the socio-economic development of Bombay (Mumbai).
- Over the years, the textile industry in Bombay (Mumbai) expanded and flourished, making it one of the leading textile centers in India.
Overall, the establishment of the first cotton mill in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1854 was a significant milestone in the history of the textile industry in the city.

Port Decay by the end of the eighteenth century:
Background:
During the 18th century, several ports in India were vital centers of trade and commerce. However, due to various factors, some of these ports decayed and lost their prominence by the end of the century.
Explanation:
Among the given options, the port that decayed by the end of the eighteenth century is Surat. Here's why:
1. Calcutta:
- Calcutta (now Kolkata) was one of the major ports during the British colonial rule.
- It gained prominence in the late 18th century and continued to grow in importance during the 19th century.
- Calcutta became the capital of British India in 1772, indicating its significance.
- Therefore, Calcutta did not decay by the end of the eighteenth century.
2. Goa:
- Goa was a Portuguese colony and served as an important port for trade during the 18th century.
- While its prominence declined over time, it did not decay completely by the end of the eighteenth century.
- Goa continued to be a significant port in Portuguese India until the mid-20th century.
- Therefore, Goa did not decay by the end of the eighteenth century.
3. Surat:
- Surat was a thriving port during the Mughal period and the early years of British rule in India.
- It was a major center for trade and commerce, especially in textiles and diamonds.
- However, by the end of the eighteenth century, Surat's importance as a port declined significantly.
- Various factors, including the shift of power to other regions and the emergence of new ports, led to its decay.
- As a result, Surat lost its prominence as a major port by the end of the eighteenth century.
4. None of the above:
- This option is not correct as Surat is the port that decayed by the end of the eighteenth century, as explained above.
Conclusion:
Based on the given options, the port that decayed by the end of the eighteenth century is Surat. Calcutta and Goa did not decay by that time.

Establishment of Joint Stock Companies in India (1830-40)
During the period of 1830-40, several joint stock companies were established in India. The individual who established six such companies during this time was Dwarkanath Tagore.
Joint Stock Companies established by Dwarkanath Tagore:
- Bengal Bank (1833): Dwarkanath Tagore founded the Bengal Bank, which was one of the first joint stock banks in India.
- Union Bank (1839): He also established the Union Bank in 1839, which aimed to provide financial services to the public.
- Bengal British India Society (1839): This joint stock company was established by Dwarkanath Tagore to promote trade and commerce between Britain and India.
- British Indian Association (1843): Dwarkanath Tagore founded the British Indian Association, which worked towards the welfare and development of the Indian community.
- Calcutta Coal Company (1843): He established the Calcutta Coal Company, which focused on mining and trading of coal in Calcutta.
- British Indian Steam Navigation Company (1843): This joint stock company was founded by Dwarkanath Tagore to provide steamship services for trade and transportation.
These joint stock companies played a significant role in promoting economic development and trade during that period. Dwarkanath Tagore's contributions to the establishment of these companies helped lay the foundation for future industrial and commercial growth in India.

Spinning Jenny:
- The Spinning Jenny was a machine invented during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century.
- It was one of the key innovations in the textile industry and played a significant role in the mechanization of textile production.
- The machine was designed to increase the productivity of spinning yarn by allowing a single worker to operate multiple spindles simultaneously.
- It was invented by James Hargreaves, a weaver and carpenter from Lancashire, England, in the 1760s.
- The machine was named after Hargreaves' daughter, Jenny.
- The Spinning Jenny had a frame with a number of spindles, usually eight or more, mounted on it.
- Each spindle had a separate thread, and the operator could rotate all the spindles by turning a single wheel.
- This allowed for the simultaneous spinning of multiple threads, increasing the efficiency of the spinning process.
- The Spinning Jenny was initially used in domestic settings, but it later became an important machine in the early factories of the textile industry.
- It revolutionized the industry by enabling the production of more yarn, leading to increased textile production and lower prices.
- The invention of the Spinning Jenny contributed to the development of the factory system and the growth of the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution.

The first Indian jute mill in Calcutta in 1917 was set up by:

Seth Hukumchand

Explanation:

Seth Hukumchand was the person who set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta in 1917. Jute is a natural fiber commonly used for making sacks and bags. The jute industry played a significant role in India's economy during the colonial period.

G.D. Birla and Jamsedjee Nusserwanjee Tata were prominent industrialists in India, but they were not directly associated with setting up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta in 1917.

Hence, the correct answer is A: Seth Hukumchand.

Answer:
According to the information provided, in 1911, 67 percent of the large industries were located in Bengal and Bombay in India.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
- In 1911, large industries in India were concentrated in specific regions.
- The question asks for the place where 67 percent of these industries were located.
- The options given are Bengal and Bombay, Surat and Ahmedabad, Delhi and Bombay, and Patna and Lucknow.
- To determine the correct answer, we need to analyze the options and choose the one that aligns with the given information.
- Bengal and Bombay were major industrial centers during the early 20th century.
- Bengal, specifically Kolkata (formerly known as Calcutta), was an important hub for industries like jute, cotton, and tea.
- Bombay (now Mumbai) was a significant industrial city, known for its textile mills, shipping, and trading activities.
- Considering the historical context and the prominence of these two regions, it is reasonable to conclude that 67 percent of the large industries were located in Bengal and Bombay.
- Therefore, option A, which states Bengal and Bombay, is the correct answer to the question.

Explanation:
The mechanical device used for weaving, with ropes and pulleys, which helped to weave wide pieces of cloth is the Fly Shuttle.
The Fly Shuttle was invented by John Kay in 1733 and revolutionized the weaving process by allowing weavers to produce wider pieces of cloth more quickly. Here is a detailed explanation of each option:
- Handloom: While the handloom is a mechanical device used for weaving, it does not involve the use of ropes and pulleys and is operated manually by hand.
- Powerloom: The powerloom is a mechanical device used for weaving that operates using power, such as steam or electricity. It does not involve the use of ropes and pulleys.
- Fly Shuttle: The Fly Shuttle is the correct answer. It is a mechanical device used for weaving that involves the use of ropes and pulleys. It allows the weaver to send the shuttle across the loom quickly, enabling the weaving of wider pieces of cloth.
- Spinning Jenny: The Spinning Jenny is not a mechanical device used for weaving, but rather a spinning machine used for spinning cotton or other fibers into yarn.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Fly Shuttle.

The first cotton mill in India was set up in Bombay.
The detailed solution is as follows:
Background Information:
- The cotton mill industry played a crucial role in the industrialization of India.
- The establishment of the first cotton mill marked the beginning of India's textile industry.
Explanation:
- The first cotton mill in India was set up in Bombay (now Mumbai).
- The mill, known as the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, was established in 1854.
- The mill was founded by Cowasji Nanabhai Davar and two other partners.
- It was located in Tardeo, a neighborhood in present-day South Mumbai.
- The mill initially had 13,000 spindles and employed around 300 workers.
- It started with the production of cotton yarn, which was in high demand during that time.
- The success of the first cotton mill in Bombay led to the establishment of more mills in the city and other parts of India.
- The cotton mill industry became one of the key drivers of India's economy during the British colonial period.
Conclusion:
- The first cotton mill in India was set up in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1854.
- The establishment of this mill marked the beginning of India's textile industry and played a significant role in the country's industrialization.

Answer:

The exports of British cotton goods increased dramatically in the early 19th century.

Here is a detailed explanation:

• Background:




• The British cotton industry experienced significant growth and expansion during the Industrial Revolution.


• During this period, advancements in technology, such as the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom, greatly increased the production of cotton goods.


• British manufacturers were able to produce cotton goods at a faster rate and higher quality compared to other countries.




• Reasons for the increase in exports:




• The British cotton industry had a competitive advantage due to its technological advancements, which allowed for increased production and lower costs.


• British cotton goods became highly sought after in international markets due to their superior quality.


• Colonial expansion and the establishment of the British Empire facilitated access to new markets and increased demand for British cotton goods.


• The demand for cotton goods also grew with the rise of the global textile industry.




• Impact of the increase in exports:




• The increase in exports of British cotton goods contributed to the economic prosperity of Britain during the early 19th century.


• It fueled the growth of other industries, such as transportation and banking, as well as the development of industrial cities.


• The expansion of the cotton industry also led to social and cultural changes, including the rise of the factory system and the emergence of the working class.

Clashes with Gomasthas: Gomasthas were appointed by the government to supervise weavers to collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth. The Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in supply. So. the weavers dashed with them. 

Answer:
The first Indian jute mill was set up in Bengal.
Explanation:
- The jute industry played a significant role in the economic development of British India.
- In 1855, the first jute mill was established in Rishra, near Kolkata (then Calcutta), in the Hooghly district of Bengal.
- The mill was named the 'Bengal Jute Mill' and was owned by George Acland and James McNeill, two British entrepreneurs.
- The success of this mill led to the establishment of several other jute mills in Bengal, making it the center of the jute industry in India.
- The jute industry in Bengal grew rapidly, and by the early 20th century, it became one of the major industries in the region, employing thousands of workers and contributing significantly to the economy.
- The jute mills in Bengal played a crucial role in the export of jute products to various parts of the world.

Most Dynamic Industries in Britain during the 19th Century
The most dynamic industries in Britain during the 19th century were:
1. Cotton Industry:
- The cotton industry experienced significant growth and played a pivotal role in the industrial revolution.
- The invention of the spinning jenny, water frame, and power loom revolutionized the production of cotton textiles.
- Britain became the leading producer of cotton textiles globally, with Manchester becoming the center of cotton production.
2. Metal Industry:
- The metal industry, particularly the iron and steel sector, also saw remarkable progress.
- The use of steam power and the development of new manufacturing techniques, such as the Bessemer process, led to increased production and efficiency.
- The metal industry fueled the expansion of railways, bridges, and machinery, supporting the overall industrial growth.
3. Shipbuilding Industry:
- The shipbuilding industry experienced substantial growth during this period.
- Britain's access to vast quantities of timber and iron, along with its technological advancements, allowed for the construction of larger and more efficient ships.
- The expansion of global trade and the British navy's dominance contributed to the growth and importance of the shipbuilding industry.
4. Sugar Industry:
- The sugar industry, although not as prominent as cotton or metal, played a significant role in the British economy.
- Britain established sugar plantations in its colonies, particularly in the Caribbean, and became a major producer and trader of sugar.
- The industry benefited from the growing demand for sugar and its by-products, such as rum and molasses.
In conclusion, the most dynamic industries in Britain during the 19th century were cotton, metal, shipbuilding, and sugar. These industries drove technological advancements, economic growth, and played a crucial role in establishing Britain as a leading industrial and trading nation.

Dwarkanath Tagore: Industrialist

• Background: Dwarkanath Tagore was a prominent figure in the 19th century and hailed from the famous Tagore family of Bengal, India.


• Industrialist: He is best known for his role as an industrialist and entrepreneur during the British colonial era in India.


• Business Ventures: Dwarkanath Tagore had diverse business interests and successfully established several enterprises. Some of his notable ventures include:




• - Zamindari Estates: He acquired and managed large estates, earning significant wealth from land revenue.


• - Shipping: He ventured into the shipping industry and established the first steamship service in India, known as the Tagore Line.


• - Banking: Dwarkanath Tagore also founded the Union Bank, one of the earliest indigenous banks in India.


• - Jute Industry: He played a crucial role in promoting and expanding the jute industry, which became a major economic sector in Bengal.




• Philanthropy: Despite his success in business, Dwarkanath Tagore was also known for his philanthropic activities. He contributed to various social causes and supported educational institutions.


• Legacy: Dwarkanath Tagore's entrepreneurial spirit and contributions to the Indian economy have left a lasting impact. He is regarded as one of the pioneers of Indian industrialization.

Therefore, Dwarkanath Tagore was an industrialist and not a social reformer, musician, or painter.

James Watt

• James Watt improved the 'Steam Engine' produced by Newcomen.

James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who made significant improvements to the steam engine, which was originally developed by Thomas Newcomen in the early 18th century. Watt's modifications and enhancements revolutionized the efficiency and practicality of the steam engine, making it a key technology during the Industrial Revolution. His innovations included the separate condenser, which greatly improved the engine's efficiency by eliminating the need to cool and reheat the cylinder with each stroke. Watt's steam engine was widely adopted in various industries, powering factories, mines, and transportation systems.

Therefore, the correct answer is James Watt.