UPSC CSE Prelims Paper 2 (CSAT) Mock Test - 17 (May 28, 2021) - UPSC MCQ

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

Everyone seems to be so optimistic about the markets now. Around the world, stocks have been on a tear. In Asia, for example, the Tokyo TOPIX stock index hit a 14-year high last week as a bull run in oncedormant Japan gathered momentum; Mumbai’s main equity index hit an all-time high in trading early Friday amid India’s continuing economic boom; and Hong Kong shares reached a five-year high while indices in Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney set new records. And though stocks in Asia, in particular, are on fire, they are not alone. From Germany to Venezuela to South Africa, equity markets in both mature and emerging markets have moved up sharply this year-and show little sign of slowing. The underpinning for stocks’ strong performance, global bulls say, is straightforward. Economic growth continues to be strong in places where it has been buoyant for several years (the US, China and India) and is finally picking up in places where it had been notably absentJapan and parts of “old” Europe. Moreover, earnings and corporate profits have climbed for four straight years and consumer spending is rising briskly on the back of declining unemployment. Economists say that Japan is now in a golden cycle. So, for now, is much of the world. “It comes down to very simple macroeconomics,” says Subir Gokam, an economist at CRISIL, India’s largest credit-rating firm. 

Q. Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between market indices of Mumbai and Hong Kong on the one hand and Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney on the other?

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Cyber Security or Information technology security means protecting data, networks, programs and other information from unauthorized or unintended access, destruction or change. It encompasses all the mechanisms and processes that protect digital equipment, information and records from illegal or unintended access, manipulation or destruction. In today’s dynamic environment, cyber security has become vital for individuals and families, as well as organizations (such as military, government, business houses, educational and financial institutions, corporations and others) that collect and store a wide range of confidential data on computers and transmit that to other computers across different networks. For families, protection of children and family members from cybercrime has become substantially important. For an individual, protecting information that could impact social life as well as personal finance is essential. The internet has provided a wide array of learning opportunities, but there are risks too. Photos, videos and other personal information shared by an individual on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter can be inappropriately used by others may lead to serious and even lifethreatening incidents. Social networking sites have become the most popular medium for sharing information and connecting with other people. But these sites have created varied opportunities for cybercrimes, compromised personal identities and information leakage. Therefore, it is important for individuals to understand how to protect against cyber threats, and must also comprehend the difference between virtual and real world. One should learn how to protect computers and personal information from being hacked and should engage in appropriate online behaviour in order to eliminate changes of cyber threats and thereby creating a safer online environment. 

Q. According to the author what does the cyber security means?

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Cyber Security or Information technology security means protecting data, networks, programs and other information from unauthorized or unintended access, destruction or change. It encompasses all the mechanisms and processes that protect digital equipment, information and records from illegal or unintended access, manipulation or destruction. In today’s dynamic environment, cyber security has become vital for individuals and families, as well as organizations (such as military, government, business houses, educational and financial institutions, corporations and others) that collect and store a wide range of confidential data on computers and transmit that to other computers across different networks. For families, protection of children and family members from cybercrime has become substantially important. For an individual, protecting information that could impact social life as well as personal finance is essential. The internet has provided a wide array of learning opportunities, but there are risks too. Photos, videos and other personal information shared by an individual on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter can be inappropriately used by others may lead to serious and even lifethreatening incidents. Social networking sites have become the most popular medium for sharing information and connecting with other people. But these sites have created varied opportunities for cybercrimes, compromised personal identities and information leakage. Therefore, it is important for individuals to understand how to protect against cyber threats, and must also comprehend the difference between virtual and real world. One should learn how to protect computers and personal information from being hacked and should engage in appropriate online behaviour in order to eliminate changes of cyber threats and thereby creating a safer online environment. 

Q. What is the downside of Social media, according to the author?

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Everyone seems to be so optimistic about the markets now. Around the world, stocks have been on a tear. In Asia, for example, the Tokyo TOPIX stock index hit a 14-year high last week as a bull run in oncedormant Japan gathered momentum; Mumbai’s main equity index hit an all-time high in trading early Friday amid India’s continuing economic boom; and Hong Kong shares reached a five-year high while indices in Singapore, Jakarta and Sydney set new records. And though stocks in Asia, in particular, are on fire, they are not alone. From Germany to Venezuela to South Africa, equity markets in both mature and emerging markets have moved up sharply this year-and show little sign of slowing. The underpinning for stocks’ strong performance, global bulls say, is straightforward. Economic growth continues to be strong in places where it has been buoyant for several years (the US, China and India) and is finally picking up in places where it had been notably absentJapan and parts of “old” Europe. Moreover, earnings and corporate profits have climbed for four straight years and consumer spending is rising briskly on the back of declining unemployment. Economists say that Japan is now in a golden cycle. So, for now, is much of the world. “It comes down to very simple macroeconomics,” says Subir Gokam, an economist at CRISIL, India’s largest credit-rating firm. 

Q. How do the stock values in Asian countries compare with that in the other countries of the globe?

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The world is at a critical juncture as the structure of global power has begun to transform–and, for the first time in recent history–without the compulsions of a cataclysmic war. This realignment is an unwitting recognition of the global economic tilt towards Asia that has been in motion for the last 30 years.

Q. Which of the following is the most crucial inference from the above passage?

Who teaches History from P, Q, R, S & T?
Statement I: From them, each teaches only one subject Q teaches Maths whereas T Teaches Science. P or R does not teach Geography. S or P does not teach English.
Statement II: T and R are the teachers of Science and English. P is the teacher of 
Math.

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On a personal level, winning doesn’t mean the other guy has to lose. As former P&G brand manager Bruce Miller put in, ‘It’s not a zero-sum game. It’s more like golf than tennis, you are playing against yourself and the course, not the guy across the net or in the next office. Play your best game and, if it’s good enough, you’ll be a winner. You might not achieve the specific goal you have set, but the company is big enough and flexible enough to move you up and onward in a way that suits your talents. That’s winning.” Miller remembers the story of an assistant brand manager who, by his own account, was achieving great things and looked as if he had the world by the tail. At about the time his “class” was ready to go out on sales training, he had a closed-door meeting with his boss. His peers assumed he was the first to get the nod. It turned out his performance had all along been more flash than substance, and the meeting with his boss was to discuss other career alternatives inside or outside the company. Miller is convinced that the moral of the story is that winning is all about your own performance and not about keeping up with what the other guy seems to be doing.

Q. What does Miller mean when he says that winning is not “a zero sum game”?

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Many crimes committed in the name of defending the honour of a caste, clan or family may have their origin in India’s abominable caste system, but there are other contributing factors as well. Entrenched social prejudices, feudal structures and patriarchal attitudes are behind what are referred to as ‘honour killings’. While these cannot be eradicated overnight through law or judicial diktat, it is inevitable that a stern law and order approach is adopted as the first step towards curbing groups that seek to enforce such medieval notions of ‘honour’ through murder or the threat of murder, or ostracisation.

Q. Which among the following is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?

Following table shows the marks scored by seven students in six different subjects.

​What is the percentage difference between the marks scored by Varsha in Hindi and Sohan in Chemistry?

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

On a personal level, winning doesn’t mean the other guy has to lose. As former P&G brand manager Bruce Miller put in, ‘It’s not a zero-sum game. It’s more like golf than tennis, you are playing against yourself and the course, not the guy across the net or in the next office. Play your best game and, if it’s good enough, you’ll be a winner. You might not achieve the specific goal you have set, but the company is big enough and flexible enough to move you up and onward in a way that suits your talents. That’s winning.” Miller remembers the story of an assistant brand manager who, by his own account, was achieving great things and looked as if he had the world by the tail. At about the time his “class” was ready to go out on sales training, he had a closed-door meeting with his boss. His peers assumed he was the first to get the nod. It turned out his performance had all along been more flash than substance, and the meeting with his boss was to discuss other career alternatives inside or outside the company. Miller is convinced that the moral of the story is that winning is all about your own performance and not about keeping up with what the other guy seems to be doing. 

Q. By “more flash than substance,” the author means

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The majority of developing countries are commodity dependent. Commodity-export-dependent developing countries (hereafter referred to as CDDCs) derive the bulk of their export earnings from primary commodities such as minerals, ores, metals, fuels, agricultural raw materials and food. Countries that have a high ratio of commodity imports to total merchandise trade are considered commodity-importdependent. Both forms of commodity dependence may cause potentially harmful impacts and affect all dimensions of sustainable development. Most of the developing countries that depend on commodity exports and/or imports are characterized by low human development. 

Q. Which of the following is the most crucial inference from the above passage?

Following table shows the marks scored by seven students in six different subjects.

What is the average of marks obtained by all students in English? (Answer in approximate value)

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From ‘apparel to aerospace’, ‘steel to software’, the pace of technological innovation is quickening. No longer can companies afford to miss generation of technology and expect to remain competitive. Adding to the pressure, innovations are increasingly crossing industry boundaries; a new fibre developed by the textile industry has potential for building materials and medical equipment. Some companies are adept at using a diversity of technologies to create new products that transform markets. But many others are floundering because they rely on a technology strategy that no longer works in such a fast-changing environment. The difference between success and failure is not how much a company spends on research and development (R&D), but how it approaches it. There are two possible approaches. Either a company can invest in R&D that an older generation of technology the ‘break through’ approach-or its focus on combining existing technologies into hybrid technologies – the ‘technologies fusion’ approach. It blends incremental technical improvements from several previously separate field of technology to create products that revolutionise markets. In a world where the old maxim ‘one technology one industry’ no longer applies, a singular breakthrough strategy is inadequate; companies need to include both the breakthrough and fusion approaches in their technology strategy. Relying on breakthroughs alone fails because it focuses the R&D efforts to narrowly, ignoring the possibilities of combining technologies. Yet many western companies still rely almost exclusively – on the breakthrough approach. The reasons are complex: a distrust of outside innovations and not-invented here engineering and arrogance and aversion to sharing research results.

Q. Which of the following features of technology has been highlighted most prominently by the author of the passage?

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

From ‘apparel to aerospace’, ‘steel to software’, the pace of technological innovation is quickening. No longer can companies afford to miss generation of technology and expect to remain competitive. Adding to the pressure, innovations are increasingly crossing industry boundaries; a new fibre developed by the textile industry has potential for building materials and medical equipment. Some companies are adept at using a diversity of technologies to create new products that transform markets. But many others are floundering because they rely on a technology strategy that no longer works in such a fast-changing environment. The difference between success and failure is not how much a company spends on research and development (R&D), but how it approaches it. There are two possible approaches. Either a company can invest in R&D that an older generation of technology the ‘break through’ approach-or its focus on combining existing technologies into hybrid technologies – the ‘technologies fusion’ approach. It blends incremental technical improvements from several previously separate field of technology to create products that revolutionise markets. In a world where the old maxim ‘one technology one industry’ no longer applies, a singular breakthrough strategy is inadequate; companies need to include both the breakthrough and fusion approaches in their technology strategy. Relying on breakthroughs alone fails because it focuses the R&D efforts to narrowly, ignoring the possibilities of combining technologies. Yet many western companies still rely almost exclusively – on the breakthrough approach. The reasons are complex: a distrust of outside innovations and not-invented here engineering and arrogance and aversion to sharing research results.

Q. What does the author want to highlight by using the example ‘apparel to aerospace’ and ‘steel to software’?

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The Indian rupee first entered into wide circulation under Mughal rule, more particularly due to the conquests of Emperor Akbar (reign 1556-1605), whose vast empire’s northernmost mint was located in Balkh (present day Uzbekistan) and southernmost in Trichinpalli (in today’s Tamil Nadu). Its rise to a panIndian and overseas trade currency was aided greatly by the credibility of the Mughal mints, as minting was a rigorously supervised court function. 5.

Q. Which among the following is the most crucial message conveyed by the above passage?

Following table shows the marks scored by seven students in six different subjects.

In how many subjects did student Qalam get more than 65% marks?

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

From ‘apparel to aerospace’, ‘steel to software’, the pace of technological innovation is quickening. No longer can companies afford to miss generation of technology and expect to remain competitive. Adding to the pressure, innovations are increasingly crossing industry boundaries; a new fibre developed by the textile industry has potential for building materials and medical equipment. Some companies are adept at using a diversity of technologies to create new products that transform markets. But many others are floundering because they rely on a technology strategy that no longer works in such a fast-changing environment. The difference between success and failure is not how much a company spends on research and development (R&D), but how it approaches it. There are two possible approaches. Either a company can invest in R&D that an older generation of technology the ‘break through’ approach-or its focus on combining existing technologies into hybrid technologies – the ‘technologies fusion’ approach. It blends incremental technical improvements from several previously separate field of technology to create products that revolutionise markets. In a world where the old maxim ‘one technology one industry’ no longer applies, a singular breakthrough strategy is inadequate; companies need to include both the breakthrough and fusion approaches in their technology strategy. Relying on breakthroughs alone fails because it focuses the R&D efforts to narrowly, ignoring the possibilities of combining technologies. Yet many western companies still rely almost exclusively – on the breakthrough approach. The reasons are complex: a distrust of outside innovations and not-invented here engineering and arrogance and aversion to sharing research results.

Q. What is the immediate effect, according to the passage, if a company does not innovate?

If 3<x<6 and 8<y<12, then which of the following statements is correct?

Following table shows the marks scored by seven students in six different subjects.

What is the difference between the percentage of marks obtained by Rajeev in Hindi and Physics together and the percentage of marks obtained by student Qalam in English and Chemistry together?

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

From ‘apparel to aerospace’, ‘steel to software’, the pace of technological innovation is quickening. No longer can companies afford to miss generation of technology and expect to remain competitive. Adding to the pressure, innovations are increasingly crossing industry boundaries; a new fibre developed by the textile industry has potential for building materials and medical equipment. Some companies are adept at using a diversity of technologies to create new products that transform markets. But many others are floundering because they rely on a technology strategy that no longer works in such a fast-changing environment. The difference between success and failure is not how much a company spends on research and development (R&D), but how it approaches it. There are two possible approaches. Either a company can invest in R&D that an older generation of technology the ‘break through’ approach-or its focus on combining existing technologies into hybrid technologies – the ‘technologies fusion’ approach. It blends incremental technical improvements from several previously separate field of technology to create products that revolutionise markets. In a world where the old maxim ‘one technology one industry’ no longer applies, a singular breakthrough strategy is inadequate; companies need to include both the breakthrough and fusion approaches in their technology strategy. Relying on breakthroughs alone fails because it focuses the R&D efforts to narrowly, ignoring the possibilities of combining technologies. Yet many western companies still rely almost exclusively – on the breakthrough approach. The reasons are complex: a distrust of outside innovations and not-invented here engineering and arrogance and aversion to sharing research results.

Q. Why do Western companies avoid the technology fusion approach?

Of the 500 patients who were checked for allergic diseases/symptoms, 40% had allergy from pollen, 50% had allergy from fur and 60% had allergy from dust. If all the patients had at least one of the aforesaid allergies and 20% of the patients had exactly two of the aforesaid allergies, how many of the patients had only one of these allergies?

Following table shows the marks scored by seven students in six different subjects.

What is the overall percentage of marks scored by Varsha in all subjects together? (Answer in approximate value)

The average weight of a group of 5 boys is 26. If we replace a boy of weight 20 in the group with another boy so that new average increases by 3.8 kgs, find the weight of the new boy.

Out of 50 applicants for a job, 24 had at least 2 years of experience, 30 had MBA degrees, and 5 had less than 2 years of experience and did not have an MBA degree. Find the ratio of the number of applicants having an MBA degree but less than 2 years of experience and the number of applicants having at least 2 years of experience and an MBA degree.

Students of DAV school hostel participate in different games. 80% Students participate in cricket and 50% participate in football, whereas 10% took rest in the hostel. Which of the following conclusion(s) can be drawn from the above 
data?
1. 40% students played football as well as cricket.
2. 20% students played cricket.

Q. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Read the information given below carefully and answer the following question.

The internet has become the integral part of today’s generation. Internet has touched every aspect of life. With the growing use of the internet by people, protecting important information has become a necessity. A computer that is not having appropriate security controls can be infected with malicious logic and thus any type of information can be accessed in moments. Hacking of important data, network outages, computer viruses and other cyber related threats affect our lives that range from minor inconvenience to serious incidents. Cyber threats can be caused due to negligence and vulnerabilities, or unintentional accidents. The main objectives of such type of system attackers or hackers are to steal confidential information, to make illegal monetary transactions, to destroy or to change data and the like. System attackers usually use malicious logic or virus to gain unauthorized access to a computer. Opening email attachments that carry the virus, clicking malicious links or websites or unintentionally downloading a dangerous program are common ways through which a computer can be infected and data can be stolen. As the number of data networks, digital applications, as well as internet and mobile users are growing, so do the chances of cyber exploitation and cybercrimes. If accounts are not properly secured, it makes easier for hackers or unauthorized users to spread viruses or social engineered attacks that are designed to steal data and even money. Such types of issues highlight the need for cyber security as an essential approach in protecting and preventing data from being used inappropriately. In simple language, Cyber Security or Information technology security means protecting data, networks, programs and other information from unauthorized or unintended access, destruction or change. It encompasses all the mechanisms and processes that protect digital equipment, information and records from illegal or unintended access, manipulation or destruction. In today’s dynamic environment, cyber security has become vital for individuals and families, as well as organizations that collect and store a wide range of confidential data on computers and transmit that to other computers across different networks. Social networking sites have become the most popular medium for sharing information and connecting with other people. But these sites have created varied opportunities for cybercrimes, compromised personal identities and information leakage. Therefore, it is important for individuals to understand how to protect against cyber threats, and must also comprehend the difference between virtual and real world. One should learn how to protect computers and personal information from being hacked and should engage in appropriate online behaviour in order to eliminate changes of cyber threats and thereby creating a safer online environment.

Q. According to the author, what is the main reasons behind cyber threats?

Five persons enter a lift on the ground floor of an eight-floor apartment. Assuming that each of them independently and with equal probability can leave the lift at any floor beginning with the first, what is the probability that all the five persons are leaving the lift at different floors?