UPSC CSE Prelims Paper 2 (CSAT) Mock Test - 20 (June 3, 2021) - UPSC MCQ

An office is one of several in which all the furniture is to be repainted. The office contains exactly four pieces of furniture - a bookcase, two chairs, and a desk - and no furniture is to be moved into or out of that office. The repainting specifications are as follows:
On completion of repainting, any piece of furniture in an office must be uniformly auburn, pink, xanadu, or white. 
On completion of repainting, at least one of the pieces of furniture in an office must be pink, and the desk must be either auburn or xanadu. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is either blue or violet, that piece must be white on completion of repainting. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is xanadu, that piece must remain xanadu on completion of repainting. 
All of the specifications above can and must be met in each office scheduled for repainting.

Q. If, prior to repainting, one chair in the office is blue and the other chair is xanadu, which of the following must be true of the furniture in the office on completion of repainting?

An office is one of several in which all the furniture is to be repainted. The office contains exactly four pieces of furniture - a bookcase, two chairs, and a desk - and no furniture is to be moved into or out of that office. The repainting specifications are as follows:
On completion of repainting, any piece of furniture in an office must be uniformly auburn, pink, xanadu, or white. 
On completion of repainting, at least one of the pieces of furniture in an office must be pink, and the desk must be either auburn or xanadu. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is either blue or violet, that piece must be white on completion of repainting. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is xanadu, that piece must remain xanadu on completion of repainting. 
All of the specifications above can and must be met in each office scheduled for repainting.

Q. If, prior to repainting, the desk in the office is pink and the other three pieces of furniture are white, then of these four pieces of furniture there must be how many that are painted a color that differs from its color prior to repainting?

An office is one of several in which all the furniture is to be repainted. The office contains exactly four pieces of furniture - a bookcase, two chairs, and a desk - and no furniture is to be moved into or out of that office. The repainting specifications are as follows:
On completion of repainting, any piece of furniture in an office must be uniformly auburn, pink, xanadu, or white. 
On completion of repainting, at least one of the pieces of furniture in an office must be pink, and the desk must be either auburn or xanadu. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is either blue or violet, that piece must be white on completion of repainting. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is xanadu, that piece must remain xanadu on completion of repainting. 
All of the specifications above can and must be met in each office scheduled for repainting.

Q. Prior to repainting, and given the repainting specifications, the desk in the office could have been any of the following colors EXCEPT

An office is one of several in which all the furniture is to be repainted. The office contains exactly four pieces of furniture - a bookcase, two chairs, and a desk - and no furniture is to be moved into or out of that office. The repainting specifications are as follows:
On completion of repainting, any piece of furniture in an office must be uniformly auburn, pink, xanadu, or white. 
On completion of repainting, at least one of the pieces of furniture in an office must be pink, and the desk must be either auburn or xanadu. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is either blue or violet, that piece must be white on completion of repainting. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is xanadu, that piece must remain xanadu on completion of repainting. 
All of the specifications above can and must be met in each office scheduled for repainting.

Q. If, prior to repainting, the bookcase is white, one chair is blue, one chair is xanadu, and the desk is pink, which of the following must be true of the furniture in the office on completion of repainting?

An office is one of several in which all the furniture is to be repainted. The office contains exactly four pieces of furniture - a bookcase, two chairs, and a desk - and no furniture is to be moved into or out of that office. The repainting specifications are as follows:
On completion of repainting, any piece of furniture in an office must be uniformly auburn, pink, xanadu, or white. 
On completion of repainting, at least one of the pieces of furniture in an office must be pink, and the desk must be either auburn or xanadu. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is either blue or violet, that piece must be white on completion of repainting. 
If, prior to repainting, a piece of furniture is xanadu, that piece must remain xanadu on completion of repainting. 
All of the specifications above can and must be met in each office scheduled for repainting.

Q. Which of the following could be true of the furniture in the office prior to repainting if, also prior to repainting, three of the pieces of furniture in the office are xanadu?

In a small inn, one or more of the chefs have to perform duty during dinner everyday. The chefs are Nicholas, Antonio, and Jeremy. 
None of them can be assigned to dinner duty two or more days in a row.

Q. In case Antonio and Jeremy share the dinner duty thrice over a five-day period, which among the following would be true?

In a small inn, one or more of the chefs have to perform duty during dinner everyday. The chefs are Nicholas, Antonio, and Jeremy. 
None of them can be assigned to dinner duty two or more days in a row.

Q. In case Nicholas and Antonio share dinner duty on Monday of some week, and if Antonio and Jeremy share dinner duty on Thursday of the same week, which of the following would be true for that week?

In a small inn, one or more of the chefs have to perform duty during dinner everyday. The chefs are Nicholas, Antonio, and Jeremy. 
None of them can be assigned to dinner duty two or more days in a row.

Q. Which among the following could be true of some four-day period?

The ratio of two unequal sides of a rectangle is 1:2. If its perimeter is 24cm, then length of diagonal is

On a tour, a man travels at the rate of 64 km an hour for the first 160 km. He then travels the next 160 km at the rate of 80 km an hour. What is the average speed (in km per hour) for the first 320 km of the tour?

Of the 3 numbers,first is twice the second and second is twice the third. The average of 3 numbers is 21. The smallest of the three numbers is

If P is the husband of Q and R is the mother of S and Q, what is R to P?

Find the correct combination 

A man said to a woman, " Your mother's husband's sister is my aunt." How is woman related to the man ?

Pointing to a paragraph a lady tells Manav. "I am the only daughter of this lady and her son is your maternal uncle." How is the speaker related to Manav's father ?

Pointing to a boy, Ramesh said, "His only brother's mother is my father's wife." How is Ramesh related to that boy?

A told B that C is his father's nephew. D is A's cousin but not brother of C. How is D related to C?

If the minute hand is x times faster than the hour hand then value of x is

A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting round the circle and are facing the centre:
(i) A is second to the right of E who is the neighbour of C and G. 
(ii) D is not the neighbour of A ?
(iii) G is the neighbour of F
(iv) B is not between D and H. H is not between F and D.

Q. What is the position of D?

The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.
The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewage) has caused many 'healthy' oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloom-forming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services arc lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation. 
The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge 'dead zones' in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie off'- 'countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.

Q. 

According to the passage, why should the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses be restricted? 
1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically. 
2. Watercourses do not contain the microorganisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural slurry. 
3. The discharge may lead to the eutrophication of water bodies. 

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.
The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewage) has caused many 'healthy' oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloom-forming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services arc lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation. 
The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge 'dead zones' in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie off'- 'countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.

Q. The passage refers to the conversion of "pollutant to fertilizer". What is pollutant and what is fertilizer in this context?

The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.
The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewage) has caused many 'healthy' oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloom-forming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services arc lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation. 
The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge 'dead zones' in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie off'- 'countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.

Q.

According to the passage, what are the effects of indiscriminate use of fertilizers? 
1. Addition of pollutants to the soil and water. 
2. Destruction decomposer of microorganisms in soil. 
3. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies. 
4. Creation of algal blooms. 

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.
The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewage) has caused many 'healthy' oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloom-forming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services arc lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation. 
The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge 'dead zones' in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie off'- 'countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.

Q. 

What is/are the characteristics of a water body with cultural eutrophication? 
1. Loss of ecosystem services 
2. Loss of flora and fauna 
3. Loss of mineral nutrients 

Select the correct answer using the code given below

The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.
The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewage) has caused many 'healthy' oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloom-forming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services arc lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation. 
The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge 'dead zones' in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated with industrialized nations and usually lie off'- 'countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.

Q. What is the central theme of this passage?

"The conceptual difficulties in National Income comparisons between underdeveloped and industrialised countries are particularly serious because a part of the national output in various underdeveloped countries is produced without passing through the commercial channels."

Q. In the above statement, the author implies that:

Most champions of democracy have been rather reticent in suggesting that democracy would itself promote development and enhancement of social welfare - they have tended to see them as good but distinctly separate and largely independent goals. The detractors of democracy, on the other hand, seemed to have been quite willing to express their diagnosis of what they see as serious tensions between democracy and development. The theorists of the practical split - “Make up your mind: do you want democracy, or instead, do you want development?” - often came, at least to start with, from East Asian countries, and their voice grew in influence as several of these countries were immensely successful - through the 1970s and 1980s and even later - in promoting economic growth without pursuing democracy. To deal with these issues we have to pay particular attention to both the content of what can be called development and to the interpretation of democracy (in particular to the respective roles of voting and of public reasoning.) The assessment of development cannot be divorced from the lives that people can lead and the real freedom that they enjoy: Development can scarcely be seen merely in terms of enhancement of inanimate objects of convenience, such as a rise in the GNP (or in personal incomes), or industrialization - important as they may be as means to the real ends. Their value must depend on what they do to the lives and freedom of the people involved, which must be central to the idea of development. If development is understood in a broader way, with a focus on human lives, then it becomes immediately clear that the relation between development and democracy has to be seen partly in terms of their constitutive connection, rather than only through their external links. Even though the question has often been asked whether political freedom is “conducive to development”, we must not miss the crucial recognition that political liberties and democratic rights are among the “constituent components” of development. Their relevance for development does not have to be established indirectly through their contribution to the growth of GNP.

Q. According to the passage, why is a serious tension perceived between democracy and development by the detractors of democracy?

Most champions of democracy have been rather reticent in suggesting that democracy would itself promote development and enhancement of social welfare - they have tended to see them as good but distinctly separate and largely independent goals. The detractors of democracy, on the other hand, seemed to have been quite willing to express their diagnosis of what they see as serious tensions between democracy and development. The theorists of the practical split - “Make up your mind: do you want democracy, or instead, do you want development?” - often came, at least to start with, from East Asian countries, and their voice grew in influence as several of these countries were immensely successful - through the 1970s and 1980s and even later - in promoting economic growth without pursuing democracy. To deal with these issues we have to pay particular attention to both the content of what can be called development and to the interpretation of democracy (in particular to the respective roles of voting and of public reasoning.) The assessment of development cannot be divorced from the lives that people can lead and the real freedom that they enjoy: Development can scarcely be seen merely in terms of enhancement of inanimate objects of convenience, such as a rise in the GNP (or in personal incomes), or industrialization - important as they may be as means to the real ends. Their value must depend on what they do to the lives and freedom of the people involved, which must be central to the idea of development. If development is understood in a broader way, with a focus on human lives, then it becomes immediately clear that the relation between development and democracy has to be seen partly in terms of their constitutive connection, rather than only through their external links. Even though the question has often been asked whether political freedom is “conducive to development”, we must not miss the crucial recognition that political liberties and democratic rights are among the “constituent components” of development. Their relevance for development does not have to be established indirectly through their contribution to the growth of GNP.

Q. According to the passage, what should be the ultimate assessment/aim/view of development?

Find the number of triangles in the given figure.