Uttarakhand Police SI Paper 2 Mock Test - 1 - Uttarakhand Police SI MCQ

The Janapadas were the realms, republics and kingdoms of the Vedic period on the Indian subcontinent.

• The Vedic period reaches from the Late Bronze Age into the Iron Age: from about 1500 BCE to the 6th century BCE.
• With the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas ("great janapadas"), most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.

Matsya Janapada is located in the present-day Central Rajasthan, back in the 6^th century B.C.

• Matsya Janapad was one of the sixteenth Mahjanapadas.
• Important facts related to Matsya Janapad are:
  • Matsya is a Sanskrit word meaning ‘fish’.
  • Its capital was Virat Nagar, which is present-day Bairat.
  • Its founder was King Virata, hence, the capital name was kept.

Hence, we conclude that the capital of Matsya Mahajanapad was Virat Nagar.

 The term "Janapada" literally means the foothold of a people. 

• The fact that Janapada is derived from Jana points to an early stage of land-taking by the Jana people for a settled way of life. 
• This process of settlement on land had completed its final stage prior to the times of the Buddha. 
• The Pre-Buddhist north-west region of the Indian subcontinent was divided into several Janapadas, demarcated from each other by boundaries. 
• Buddhist texts refer to sixteen great nations (Solasa Mahajanapadas) that existed prior to the time of the Buddha.

 Key Points

The country of Assaka or the Ashmaka tribe was located in southern India.

• It included areas in present-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Maharashtra. 
• In Gautama Buddha's time, many of the Assakas were located on the banks of the Godavari River (south of the Vindhya mountains).
• The capital of the Assakas was Potana or Potali. 
• The Ashmakas are also mentioned by Panini. They are placed in the northwest in the Markendeya Purana and the Brahat Samhita.
• The river Godavari separated the country of the Assakas from that of the Mulakas (or Alakas).  

The correct answer is option 1) Gandhara.

• Gandhara was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas which existed in ancient India from the 6th to 4th century BCE.
• Gandhara, a historical region in what is now northwestern Pakistan, corresponding to the Vale of Peshawar and having extensions into the lower valleys of the Kābul and Swāt rivers.
• It supplied men and materials to the Persian army fighting against the Greeks.
• During the Achaemenid period and Hellenistic period, its capital city was Pushkalavati.
•  Later the capital city was moved to Peshawar by the Kushan emperor Kanishka the Great in about 127 AD.
• Gandhara is mentioned in the Hindu epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, as a western kingdom.

The correct answer is Verghese Kurien.

• Dr Verghese Kurien is known as the father of the White Revolution in India.

Key Points

• The White Revolution in India, also known as Operation Flood was launched in the 1970s to make India self-dependent in milk production. 
• White Revolution is associated with a sharp increase in milk production.
• Currently, India is the world’s largest milk producer. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana are the major milk-producing states in India. India is also the largest producer of buffalo milk in the world.
• During 1964-65, the Intensive Cattle Development Programme (ICDP) was introduced in the country in which a package of improved animal husbandry was given to cattle owners for promoting the white revolution in the country.
• Later on, to increase the speed of the white revolution, a new programme named “operation flood” was introduced in the country by the National Dairy Development Board.

• The state of Mewar of Rajputana joined in the third phase of the integration of Rajasthan.
• Rajasthan was formerly known as Rajputana.
• The process of integration of Rajasthan in the united Rajasthan was completed in 7 phases.
• The State of Mewar (Udaipur) got united in Rajasthan Union on 18^th April 1948.
• Rajasthan is one of the 28 states of the Indian union.
• Rajasthan came into existence on 30^th March 1949 and since 30^th March celebrated as Rajasthan day.

The tax paid by Gruhapathis to the king from their crops in Mahajanapadas known as Bhaga

• The following group of people could be found in a village in northern India:
  • The largest landowner in the village was Grambhojaka, the headman. He was allowed to levy taxes on other farms. In addition, he occasionally performed the duties of a police officer and a judge.
  • Grihapati: The name given to the autonomous farmers. Typically, they were modest landowners.
  • Dasa karmakara: The name given to the landless men and women was dasa karmakara. They toiled in the fields of other farmers.
• The Mahajanapadas monarchs needed additional resources since they were (a) erecting massive forts and (b) sustaining sizable armies. Regular tax collection commenced. And to gather these, they required officials.
  • The most significant taxes were those on agriculture. This was due to the fact that most individuals were farmers. Typically, the tax was set at 1/6th of the output. This was known a Bhaga or share
  • Craftsmen were subject to taxes as well. These could have been in the form of labour.
  • Additionally, herders were required to pay taxes in the form of livestock and animal products.
  • Taxes were imposed on the items that were traded.
  • Additionally, the raja need forest output from hunters and gatherers.

Therefore, the tax paid by Gruhapathis to the king from their crops in Mahajanapadas known as Bhaga.

The total 16 Mahajanapadas are - Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji, Malla, Chedi, Vatsa, Kuru, Panchala, Machcha, Surasena, Assaka, Avanti, Gandhara and Kamboja.

• Anguattara Nikaya, a text of Buddhist Literature gives a list of 16 kingdoms called Mahajanapadas.
• These Mahajanpadas are either Monarchies or Republics (Ganasanghas).
• The important Republics of this period were the Sakyas of Kapilavastu and the Licchavis of Vaishali.
• The important monarchical Mahajanpadas of this period were Kaushambi (Vatsa), Magadha, Kosala, and Avanti.

1. All of India except Maharashtra and C.P.

Explanation: Mrs. Annie Besant's Home Rule League, founded in 1916, primarily operated across India, excluding Maharashtra and Central Provinces (C.P.), where Bal Gangadhar Tilak's Home Rule League was more active. Both leagues sought self-government for India, but their areas of influence were divided to avoid overlap.

The Todas are the tribe that primarily reside in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu.

- Bangladesh became independent in 1971.
- Before independence, it was known as East Pakistan.
- East Pakistan was geographically and culturally distinct from West Pakistan.
- Political and cultural tensions led to a liberation movement in East Pakistan.
- This movement culminated in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
- After winning independence, East Pakistan was renamed Bangladesh.
- Therefore, the correct answer is C: East Pakistan.

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The continents Africa and South America can be considered as mirror images of each other due to their similar shapes and positions on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. If you were to draw a line down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, Africa and South America would appear as if they could fit together like puzzle pieces. This resemblance is a result of the continental drift theory, which suggests that the Earth's continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since moved apart over millions of years. The similarities in the coastlines and geological features between Africa and South America support this theory.

The structures and carvings in Petra, Jordan, were predominantly made from sandstone, which gave them their unique and striking appearance.

Riverside Cities can have a significant environmental impact, including the disruption of natural habitats and water pollution due to urban development and industrial activities.

The Diamond Quadrilateral project is an ambitious plan by the Indian government to develop and modernize the railway network in the country, enhancing connectivity and speed.

Environmentally sustainable development requires a balance between environmental considerations and developmental efforts. This approach helps to ensure that development activities do not exacerbate the risk of disasters and that environmental resources are preserved for future generations.

The Sardar Sarovar Dam project is located on the Narmada River in Gujarat, India.

Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan and is also known as the "Pink City" due to its pink-colored buildings.

Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital of Tamil Nadu and is a major cultural and economic hub in South India.

Apart from irrigation, the Tehri Dam is primarily used for flood control purposes, regulating the flow of water during heavy rains.

The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is built across the Godavari River in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

The Right to Education (RTE) is a Fundamental Right for children between the ages of 6 to 14 years. It was added through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2002.