VITEEE Biology Test - 3 - JEE MCQ

A and B are natality and immigration. They add to population density. C and D are mortality and emigration. They decrease population density.

Topic in NCERT: Population Growth Models

Line in NCERT: "N_t+1 = N_t + [(B + I) - (D + E)]"

After fertilisation, a single-celled zygote develops into a multicellular structure called blastocyst. This blastocyst then gets embedded in the endometrium of the uterus and the process is known as implantation.

G₀-Phase is the stage of inactivation of cell cycle due to non-availability of mitogens and energy rich compounds. Cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate i.e., do not grow .

• Spermatogenesis starts at the age of puberty due to significant increase in the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
• The increased levels of GnRH then act on the anterior pituitary gland and stimulate secretion of two gonadotropins - luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

- The Assertion is true because red fibres do indeed have a high content of myoglobin, which gives them a reddish appearance.

- The Reason is false because red fibres primarily rely on aerobic metabolism due to their high myoglobin and mitochondrial content, not anaerobic metabolism.

- Since the Assertion is true and the Reason is false, Option B is correct as both statements are true, but the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion.
Line in NCERT: Muscle contains a red coloured oxygen storing pigment called myoglobin. Myoglobin content is high in some of the muscles which gives a reddish appearance. Such muscles are called the Red fibres. These muscles also contain plenty of mitochondria which can utilise the large amount of oxygen stored in them for ATP production. These muscles, therefore, can also be called aerobic muscles

Statement i is correct; artificial systems of classification indeed relied on superficial morphological characteristics, such as the number and shape of leaves, which often led to the separation of closely related species.
Statement ii is incorrect; natural classification systems consider both external and internal features, including ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology, and phytochemistry.
Statement iii is correct; phylogenetic classification systems are based on evolutionary relationships, assuming that organisms within the same taxa share a common ancestor.
Statement iv is incorrect; Numerical Taxonomy is not limited to chemical constituents but is based on all observable characteristics, assigning numbers and codes to these traits and processing the data with computer assistance, giving equal importance to each character. Therefore, Option A correctly identifies the true statements.

The cardiac impulse originates from SA node. This impulse is of highest rhythmicity. By determining the rate of discharge of the cardiac impulse the SA node determines the rate of heart beat.

(i) Diploblastic animals have two germinal layers (ectoderm and endoderm) during embryonic development
Example: Poriferans.
(ii) Triploblastic animals have three germinal layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) during embryonic development
Example: Platyhelminthes.

In a floral diagram, the dot on the top represents the position of the flower on the mother axis. The mother axis refers to the main stem or branch from which the flower emerges. The dot helps to indicate the location and orientation of the flower in relation to the mother axis.
so, the correct answer is B

Total number of plants (in the beginning ) = 30
New plants added by reproduction = 25
Birth rate (of a population)
= New plants / Total number of plants = 25/30
=0.83 individuals per lotus per year
Number of plants died =8
Death rate (of a population) = number of deaths /Total number of plants
= 8/30 = 0.26 individuals per lotus per year.

In the given figure depicting the human respiratory system, the unidentified parts are as follows: A-Epiglottis, B-Alveoli, C- Bronchus, D-Diaphragm.

The female gametophyte (embryo sac) develops from a single functional megaspore. This megaspore undergoes three successive mitotic divisions to form eight nucleate embryo sacs.

The first mitotic division in the megaspore forms two nuclei. One nucleus moves towards the micropylar end while the other nucleus moves towards the chalazal end. Then, these nuclei divide at their respective ends and re-divide to form eight nucleate stages. As a result, there are four nuclei each at both the ends i.e., at the micropylar and the chalazal end in the embryo sac. At the micropylar end, out of the four nuclei only three differentiate into two synergids and one egg cell. Together they are known as the egg apparatus. Similarly, at the chalazal end, three out of four nuclei differentiates as antipodal cells. The remaining two cells (of the micropylar and the chalazal end) move towards the centre and are known as the polar nuclei, which are situated in a large central cell. Hence, at maturity, the female gametophyte appears as a 7-celled structure, though it has 8 nucleate.

• The volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a forcible expiration is called residual volume.
• This residual volume prevents the lungs from collapsing.

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Topic- Respiratory Volumes and Capacities” of chapter "Breathing and Exchange of Gases" of NCERT 

• During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like hydrogen ions, potassium ions and ammonia into the filtrate.
• Hydrogen ions (H⁺) are secreted into the filtrate by the tubular cells as a means of regulating the pH of the urine. 
• Potassium ions (K⁺) are also secreted into the filtrate, and their concentration is regulated to maintain a balance with sodium ions (Na⁺) in the body. 
• Ammonia (NH₃) is also secreted into the filtrate, and it plays a role in regulating the pH of the urine as well as serving as a buffer to help maintain acid-base balance in the body.

Line in NCERT: "During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete substances like H+, K* and ammonia into the filtrate."

Phosphofructokinase is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis. The enzyme catalysed transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP is an important reaction in a wide variety of biological processes.

Bilateral symmetry is defined as the symmetry in which animals can be divided into two halves in one plane only, and these halves are identical to each other. The organisms have paired body organisms that occur on both sides of the body; if this will not happen then the symmetry will no longer remain. This type of symmetry is found in all vertebrates and few invertebrates. Some invertebrates also show radial symmetry, for example, animals belonging to coelenterates, ctenophores and echinoderms. These organisms can be divided into two identical haves through any plane passing through the central axis. So, the incorrect statement regarding bilateral symmetry is option C.

The correct answer is Option B : B and C only.

Statement A is incorrect. Basophils are actually the least abundant cells of the total white blood cells (WBCs), not the most abundant.

Statement B is correct. Basophils do secrete histamine, serotonin, and heparin. Histamine and serotonin are involved in inflammatory response, while heparin is an anticoagulant.

Statement C is also correct. Basophils are involved in the inflammatory response. They release chemicals such as histamine and serotonin that dilate blood vessels and attract other white blood cells to the site of inflammation.

Statement D is incorrect. Basophils do not have a kidney-shaped nucleus. That description is more appropriate for monocytes, another type of white blood cell.

Statement E is incorrect. Basophils are not agranulocytes. They are granulocytes, a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Agranulocytes, which lack visible cytoplasmic granules, include lymphocytes and monocytes.

• Root hairs are slender projections originating from epidermal cells that function in nutrient and water uptake as well as in anchoring the root in the soil.
• In wild-type Arabidopsis, root hairs are formed by epidermal cells termed trichoblasts which overlie the boundary between two cortical cells

Apical meristems are located at the tips of roots and shoots, where they play a crucial role in the vertical growth of plants by adding length to the plant body. This type of meristem is responsible for the primary growth of the plant, contributing to the elongation of the plant axis and the formation of new organs.

Statement i is incorrect because in gymnosperms, unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, the male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence; they remain within the sporangia retained on the sporophytes.
Statement ii is correct; pollen grains in gymnosperms develop into a highly reduced male gametophyte confined to only a limited number of cells.
Statement iii is correct; in species like Cycas, male cones and megasporophylls are borne on different trees, while in others like Pinus, they may be on the same tree.
Statement iv is correct; during fertilization in gymnosperms, the pollen tube grows towards the archegonia in the ovules and discharges the male gametes near the mouth of the archegonia. Hence, the correct answers are Statements ii, iii, and iv, making Option C the appropriate choice.

Lipases are used in detergent formulations and are helpful in removing oily stains from the laundry.
Roquefort cheese are ripened by growing Penicillium roqueforti on them.
Wine and beer are produced without distillation whereas, whiskey, brandy and rum are produced by distillation of the fermented broth.
Penicillin antibiotic was used to teat American soldiers wounded in World War II.
Leprosy is also called as Kusht rog.

• Cells of tapetum have generally more than one nucleus per cell.
• The binucleate or multinucleate condition arises due to fusion of two uninucleate cells of tapetum.

The gizzard, or proventriculus, in the cockroach's digestive system is equipped with thick muscular walls and internal chitinous teeth that function primarily to grind the food before it passes into the midgut. The crop, mentioned in Option A, is mainly a storage organ and does not participate in food grinding.

Follicle stimulating hormone acts on sertoli cells. Luteinsing hormone acts on interstitial cells. Cortisol cells acts on liver and Aldosterone hormone acts on kidney tubule.

• Animals that belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes to Chordata are all triploblastic.
• But Platyhelminthes and aschelminthes belong to pseudocoelomates.
• Annelids, arthropods, echinoderms and chordates are under eucoelomates. This means not all triploblastic animals are eucoelomates. 
• Pseudocoelomates have false coelom while eucoelomate animals only have the true coelom. 

Hence, both statement 1 and statement 2 are incorrect. 

Phylum echinodermata : 1. is correct and diagram is of ophiura
An excretory system is absent. Sexes are separate. Reproduction is sexual. Fertilisation is usually external. Development is indirect with free-swimming larva. Examples: Asterias (Star fish), Echinus (Sea urchin), Antedon (Sea lily), Cucumaria (Sea cucumber) and Ophiura (Brittle star).