VITEEE Biology Test - 7 - JEE MCQ

Parathormone, also known as parathyroid hormone (PTH), is primarily involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels. It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing the absorption of calcium in the intestines and kidneys.

Line in NCERT: "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the Ca2+ levels in the blood."

- The Assertion is correct because competitive inhibitors indeed bind to the active site of an enzyme, which prevents the substrate from binding.

- The Reason is also correct as increasing the substrate concentration can outcompete the inhibitor for the active site, thereby restoring enzyme activity.

- Additionally, the Reason effectively explains the Assertion as it describes how competitive inhibition can be mitigated, confirming that both statements are true and that the Reason is the correct explanation for the Assertion.

A-ii: Amoeba moves and feeds using pseudopodia.
B-iii: Euglena contains chlorophyll and can perform photosynthesis.
C-i: Plasmodium is the parasite responsible for malaria.
D-iv: Yeast is utilized in the fermentation process for making bread and beer.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is responsible for preparing the endometrium for uterine implantation of the fertilized egg.

Bony fish and aquatic amphibians are ammonotelic because this method of excretion uses the least energy.

Pyramid of numbers in a forest ecosystem is spindle shaped. In a forest ecosystem, number of producers is lesser but supports a greater number of herbivores. Which in turn support a fewer number of carnivores. This results in spindle shaped structure of pyramid of numbers.

The given molecule is adenylic acid. It is a nucleotide found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. It consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.

In cockroach, a pair of much branched accessory or colleterial glands lies behind and above the ovaries. Secretion of the colleterial glands forms the hard egg case or ootheca around groups of eggs.

The assertion and reason are both true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. The sliding filament theory describes how the actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere and causing muscle contraction.

Line in NCERT: "These cross bridges pull the actin filaments causing them to slide over the myosin filaments and thereby causing contraction."

The pelvic girdle is formed by two innominate bones consists of three separate bones ilium, ischium and the pubis.

Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division in animal cells by organizing the mitotic spindle. These cylindrical structures help in the formation of spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division.

• A. Thylakoids are described as flat membranous sacs, but specifically, they are located within the chloroplasts, not the Golgi apparatus. The correct match here would be (iii) Flat membranous sacs in stroma, which more accurately describes the location of thylakoids in the chloroplast stroma.

• B. Cristae are the infoldings in mitochondria, where the mitochondrial membrane is folded inward to increase the surface area. Therefore, the correct match is (iv) Infolding in mitochondria.

• C. Cisternae are flat membranous sacs found in the Golgi apparatus. Thus, the correct description is (i) Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus.

• D. Chromatin refers to the material of which chromosomes are composed, including DNA and proteins. It represents the condensed structure of DNA, so it matches with (ii) Condensed structure of DNA.

• A with iii
• B with iv
• C with i
• D with ii

.The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in thermoregulation, the process of maintaining the body's core internal temperature. It acts as the body's thermostat, detecting changes in temperature and initiating responses to heat or cool the body as necessary. The hypothalamus receives input from temperature receptors in the skin and other parts of the body and then activates mechanisms to adjust the temperature, such as sweating, shivering, and altering blood flow to the skin. An interesting fact about the hypothalamus is that it also regulates many other vital bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, sleep, and emotional activity.

Line in NCERT: "The hypothalamus contains a number of centres which control body temperature, urge for eating and drinking."

Some roots, called adventitious roots, arise from an organ other than the root—usually a stem, sometimes a leaf. They are especially numerous on underground stems, such as rhizomes, corms, and tubers, and make it possible to vegetatively propagate many plants from stem or leaf cuttings.

Line in NCERT: "In some plants, like grass, Monstera and the banyan tree, roots arise from parts of the plant other than the radicle and are called adventitious roots."

bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.
Primary treatment : These treatment steps basically involve physical removal of particles – large and small – from the sewage through filtration and sedimentation

Epinephrine or adrenaline, norepinephrine or noradrenaline and acetylchloline are the neurotransmitters. These are released by the nerve fibres to transmit the impulse to the next neuron. Cortisone is not the neurotransmitter.

Anaphase II of meiosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids, similar to anaphase in mitosis. During Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are separated, but the sister chromatids remain attached. It is not until Anaphase II that these chromatids are finally pulled apart and move towards opposite poles, leading to the formation of haploid daughter cells.

Posterior pituitary releases vasopressin which stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal tubules in nephron.

In a diploid, p and q represent the frequency of allele A and allele a. The frequency of AA individuals in a population is simply p2 . This is simply stated in another ways, i.e., the probability that an allele A with a frequency of p appear on both the chromosomes of a diploid individual is simply the product of the probabilities, i.e., p² . Similarly of aa is q² , of Aa 2pq. Hence, p ²+2pq+q²=1. This is a binomial expansion of (p+q)²

Foreskin is a double-layered fold of smooth muscle tissue, blood vessels, neurons, skin, and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis and the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect.
The foreskin is mobile, fairly stretchable, and acts as a natural lubricant.

The Miller-Urey experiment simulated early Earth conditions and demonstrated that organic molecules, including amino acids, could be synthesized abiotically. This experiment is crucial for understanding the chemical origins of life.

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is thought to mediate chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination.

Topic in NCERT: Prophase I

Line in NCERT: "Electron micrographs of this stage indicate that chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of complex structure called synaptonemal complex."

All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane. The membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer arranged back-to-back. The membrane is also covered in places with cholesterol molecules and proteins. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates which molecules are allowed to enter and exit the cell.

Topic in NCERT: Phospholipids

Line in NCERT: "Phospholipids contain, in addition, a phosphorylated nitrogenous compound."

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid which maintains the salt water balance in the body.

Testosterone, progesterone and androgen are corticosteroids.

Reproduction through fragmentation is observed in sponges, some cnidarians, turbellarians, echinoderms, and annelids.

Thyroxine, secreted by the thyroid gland, is responsible for regulating the metabolic rate of the body. It influences how fast or slow the cells in your body convert nutrients into energy, affecting overall metabolism.

Line in NCERT: "Thyroid hormones play an important role in the regulation of the basal metabolic rate."

The pulmonary artery is unique because it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. It transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. This is an exception to the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, highlighting the specialized nature of the pulmonary circulation.

Line in NCERT: "The deoxygenated blood pumped into the pulmonary artery is passed on to the lungs from where the oxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary veins into the left atrium."

• Ovarian follicles are the essential units of the female reproductive biology of mammals, each of which is packed with roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary.
• A Graafian follicle, or ovarian follicle, is present inside an ovary and is a minute cyst within which an egg, or ovum, develops.
• A Graafian follicle is a follicle that ruptures and releases its ovum when stimulated. Generally, women are born with many undeveloped follicles, each containing an immature ovum.
• As soon as puberty is attained and menstruation commences, one ovum matures each month inside its containing follicle.
• The follicle grows bigger and breaks at around day 14 of the cycle, discharging the ovum in a process known as ovulation.

The two homologous chromosomes do not completely separate but remain attached together at one or more points as indicated by X arrangements known as Chiasmata.The displacement of Chiasmata is termed as terminalization.Terminalization is completed in Diakinesis stage.

Line in NCERT: "The final stage of meiotic prophase I is diakinesis. This is marked by terminalisation of chiasmata."