Olympiad Test: Transportation in Animals & Plants - UPSC MCQ

Proteins cannot be stored in the body like fats, lipids, or carbohydrates. The body uses proteins to build and repair tissues, and any excess protein is broken down and used for energy or converted into other substances, but it's not stored in the same way as the other nutrients.

White blood cells (WBC’s) protect us from infection that may leads to disease.

Some small animals do not possess circulatory system to transport substances such as Hydra.

Blood circulation in human beings was discovered by William Harvey.

Function of heart is to pump blood to create pressure in blood to reach each and every cell.

An adult human being normally passes about 1 to 1.8 L of urine in 24 hours.

Stethoscope is used to measure the heart beat of human beings to know the health condition.

Transportation of Food in Plants
Food is transported in plants through the phloem, which is a complex tissue responsible for the translocation of sugars, amino acids, and other organic compounds throughout the plant.
Here is a detailed explanation of how food is transported through the phloem:
1. Structure of Phloem:
- The phloem consists of sieve elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers.
- The primary conducting cells in the phloem are the sieve elements, which are connected end-to-end to form sieve tubes.
2. Process of Translocation:
- Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves, where food (sugars) is produced.
- The sugars are transported from the source (leaves) to the sink (other parts of the plant, such as roots, fruits, or growing tissues) through the phloem.
- The movement of sugars in the phloem is called translocation.
3. Pressure Flow Hypothesis:
- According to the pressure flow hypothesis, sugars are actively loaded into sieve elements of the phloem at the source.
- This loading process creates a high concentration of sugars in the phloem, resulting in osmotic pressure.
- The osmotic pressure drives the movement of sugars from the source to the sink.
- At the sink, the sugars are actively unloaded from the phloem.
4. Mechanism of Translocation:
- The movement of sugars in the phloem is facilitated by companion cells, which are connected to the sieve elements by plasmodesmata.
- Companion cells provide energy and metabolic support for the sieve elements.
- The sugars move through the sieve tubes via mass flow, driven by the pressure gradient created by the osmotic pressure.
- This mass flow allows for efficient and rapid transport of food throughout the plant.
In conclusion, food in plants is transported through the phloem, which is a complex tissue responsible for the translocation of sugars and other organic compounds. The pressure flow hypothesis explains how sugars are loaded, transported, and unloaded in the phloem, allowing for efficient distribution of nutrients to different parts of the plant.

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from lung to heart.

The pulse rate is the number of times heart beat in one minute. Pulse rate of resting person is usually 72-80 beats per minute.

O blood group is called as universal donor as O blood can be given to all persons having any blood group.

The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Osmoregulation regulate the body’s salt and water concentration in the body by releasing the correct amount of water from the body.

Kidney is made up of highly coiled structure called nephron. Filtration of blood takes place in nephron of kidney.

In plants, food prepared in leaves in transported to other parts of plant through phloem tissues.

The liquid part of blood is called plasma which mainly consist of water and other salts.

Veins blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from organs to heart.

Main excretory product of human being is Urea, which contain nitrogen wastes.

Aorta is the largest artery in the human body.

Human heart is divided into four chambers, namely right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle.