Test: Equality In Indian Democracy- 2 - UPSC MCQ

Answer: B - Law and Schemes Law: Governments implement equality through the establishment and enforcement of laws. These laws aim to protect the rights of all citizens and ensure fair treatment, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or social status. Some examples of such laws include: - Anti-discrimination laws: These laws prohibit discrimination based on various grounds such as race, gender, age, religion, etc. They ensure equal opportunities for all in areas such as employment, education, and housing. - Equal pay laws: These laws mandate that employees be paid equally for work of equal value, irrespective of their gender or other characteristics. - Affirmative action policies: These policies aim to promote the representation of historically disadvantaged groups in various sectors, such as education and employment. Schemes: In addition to creating laws, governments also implement various schemes and programs to promote equality and address the specific needs of different groups within society. These schemes can take various forms, including financial assistance, skill development, and capacity building. Some examples of such schemes include: - Scholarship schemes: These schemes provide financial assistance to students from economically weaker sections of society, enabling them to pursue higher education and improve their socio-economic status. - Skill development programs: These programs aim to equip individuals with the necessary skills and training to secure better employment opportunities and improve their livelihoods. - Social welfare schemes: Governments often implement social welfare schemes targeting specific groups, such as women, children, and the elderly, to ensure their well-being and provide them with access to essential services like healthcare, education, and housing.

Answer: C. Dalit women

Explanation:
The Mid-day Meal Scheme is a school meal program in India that aims to improve the nutritional status of school-going children. The program has a strong focus on social inclusion and promoting gender equality. In this context, the following reasons explain the employment of Dalit women to cook the meal for school children:

- Social inclusion: By employing Dalit women, the scheme aims to break caste-based discrimination and promote social harmony. It provides an opportunity for marginalized communities like the Dalits to be a part of the mainstream society.

- Empowerment of women: The Mid-day Meal Scheme also focuses on empowering women, especially from marginalized communities, by providing them with employment opportunities. This helps in improving their social and economic status.

- Gender equality: Through the employment of women, the scheme promotes gender equality by giving equal opportunities to both men and women. This helps in breaking traditional gender stereotypes and encouraging girls to participate in education and other social activities.

- Hygiene and nutrition: Women, particularly Dalit women, are considered to be more sensitive to issues related to hygiene and nutrition. This ensures that the meals served to the children are cooked with proper hygiene and provide adequate nutrition.

Overall, the employment of Dalit women in the Mid-day Meal Scheme helps in fostering social inclusion, empowering women, promoting gender equality, and ensuring better hygiene and nutrition for the children.

Answer: B Explanation: - Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man on December 1, 1955. - This incident occurred in Montgomery, Alabama, during the time of racial segregation in the United States. - Parks' act of defiance became an important symbol of the Civil Rights Movement. - Her act of civil disobedience led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted for 381 days and resulted in the desegregation of public transportation in the city.

Answer: C. 1964 Explanation: The Civil Rights Act was a landmark legislation in the United States that aimed to put an end to racial segregation and discrimination. • It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964. • The Act outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. • It prohibited unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations. • The Act also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce workplace discrimination laws. This was a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement and played a significant role in promoting equal rights and opportunities for all citizens in the United States.

Explanation:

While it may seem that politicians, presidents, or other figures hold the highest power and subjugate others, the true answer is B: Each one of us. This is because:

• Collective power: When people work together and make decisions as a group, they hold more power than any single individual.
• Democracy: In democratic societies, citizens have the power to elect leaders and influence policies, giving them a significant role in determining who holds power.
• Personal responsibility: Each person has the responsibility to promote fairness, equality, and justice in their relationships and communities. This means that we all play a part in subjugating or empowering others.
• Knowledge and awareness: When individuals are informed and aware of their rights and the power dynamics in society, they are better equipped to challenge and resist oppressive forces.
• Grassroots movements: Social change often begins at the local level, with individuals and communities organizing to challenge the status quo and create more equitable systems.

In conclusion, each individual holds power within themselves and their communities, and through collective action, can influence and shape the dynamics of power in society.

Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to relinquish her seat in the "colored section" to a white passenger, after the whites-only section was filled and started the defiance act.

Correct option is D. 
The Indian Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly of India which was composed of elected representatives. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee.

A is the correct option.Poverty and the lack of resources are the key reasons why so many people live in India are highly unequal. In India, people are discriminated on the basis of religion, caste, class, society, gender etc. People are discriminated because of their social and cultural background as well as because they are women.

Answer: A Explanation: In India, the poor primarily consist of members of the following communities and groups: - Dalit: Also known as Scheduled Castes, Dalits have historically faced discrimination and marginalization in Indian society. They often experience poverty and limited access to resources and opportunities. - Adivasi: Adivasis, or the tribal population, are indigenous people who have faced forced displacement, loss of traditional livelihoods, and cultural disruption. They are among the most impoverished and underprivileged groups in India. - Muslim: Although India is a secular country, the Muslim community experiences economic and social disparities. Muslims often lag behind other communities in terms of education, income, and access to basic amenities. - Women: Women in India face gender discrimination, which contributes to their socio-economic marginalization. Poverty among women is often due to factors such as unequal access to education, employment opportunities, and resources. These communities and groups are disproportionately affected by poverty, and efforts to alleviate poverty in India must address the specific challenges they face.

Answer: C. Fisher worker's cooperatives Explanation: Tawa Matsya Sangh is a federation of fisher worker's cooperatives. Key points about Tawa Matsya Sangh: - It is an organization that represents the interests of fisherfolk in the Tawa region of India. - The main aim of the federation is to support the livelihoods of fisher workers and their families by promoting sustainable fishing practices and collective bargaining. - The organization also works to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the fisher community and advocates for their rights and welfare.

Correct option is C. Equality

The correct answer is C, which states that the Tawa Dam began to be built in 1958 and was completed in 1978. Explanation: - The Tawa Dam is located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, on the Tawa River, which is a tributary of the Narmada River. - Construction of the dam began in 1958, and it took about 20 years for the project to be completed, with the dam becoming operational in 1978. - The primary purpose of the dam is to provide water for irrigation, but it also serves as a source of hydropower and drinking water for the surrounding area. - The dam has a storage capacity of 3,000 million cubic meters, and its reservoir, known as the Tawa Reservoir, is the second-largest in Madhya Pradesh. - In addition to its practical uses, the Tawa Dam and its reservoir have become popular tourist attractions in the region, offering a scenic and peaceful environment for visitors.

Explanation: The Tawa Dam is located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, and it was primarily built for irrigation purposes. The dam created a reservoir known as the Tawa Reservoir, which submerged a large area of land. The impact of this dam on the surrounding areas can be broken down as follows: - Forest: - The construction of the Tawa Dam led to the submergence of a significant portion of forest land. - The forest that was submerged was home to various species of flora and fauna, leading to the loss of their habitat. - This has also resulted in the disturbance of the local ecosystem and the displacement of various tribal communities living in these forests. - Agriculture land: - The Tawa Dam and its reservoir also submerged a considerable portion of agricultural land. - Many farmers lost their fertile land due to the submergence, affecting their livelihoods and forcing them to find alternative sources of income or relocate. - However, the dam also provides water for irrigation to a large area, benefiting many farmers and contributing to increased agricultural productivity. In conclusion, the Tawa Dam submerged a large area of forest and agricultural land, impacting both the natural environment and the livelihoods of people living in the area. Despite these negative consequences, the dam does provide essential irrigation water to a vast region, highlighting the complex trade-offs involved in such large-scale infrastructure projects.

Answer: B - 1994 Explanation: - The government granted fishing rights in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors in 1994. - This decision was made to promote the fishing industry and generate revenue for the government. - Private contractors were given the responsibility of managing and maintaining the reservoir, as well as ensuring sustainable fishing practices. - The Tawa reservoir is an important source of fish for the local population and plays a significant role in supporting their livelihoods.

Answer: B

Explanation: - On January 2, 1997, people from 33 villages of Tawa started the new year with victory against the private businessmen. They managed to prevent their livelihood from getting lost.

C is the correct option.Tawa Matsya Sangha or TMS organisation was set up because of rights of forest dwellers people basically for Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh. In 1994 Government gave order private contractors for fishing from Tawa Reservoir with the help of villagers. But the contractors didn't hear this they took outside workers.

Explanation: The question is asking for the option that is NOT a limitation of building dams. Among the given options: A: Thousands of people are displaced - This is a limitation as building large dams often requires the displacement of local populations, causing social and economic disruption. B: Forest areas are cleared - This is a limitation as building dams can lead to deforestation, which has negative environmental consequences such as loss of biodiversity and increased greenhouse gas emissions. C: Wild animals suffer - This is a limitation as dams can disrupt ecosystems and negatively impact wildlife populations, either by altering habitats or impeding the movement of animals. D: Helpful in irrigation - This is NOT a limitation. In fact, it is a benefit of building dams. Dams can store water and facilitate irrigation systems, which can help in agriculture and contribute to food security. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Building dams can be helpful in irrigation, which is not a limitation but rather a benefit of constructing these structures.

The correct answer is B as Omprakash Valmiki wrote the autobiography  joothan.

Universal adult franchise is based on the idea of Equality. The concept of universal adult franchise is rooted in the democratic principle of equal representation and equal participation in the political process. This concept ensures that: - Every adult citizen, regardless of their socio-economic status, gender, race, or religion, has the right to vote. - All votes carry equal weight, and no individual or group has more influence over the electoral process than another. - The political power is distributed fairly among the population, and the government is accountable to all its citizens. - It promotes inclusivity, as all citizens have an equal opportunity to express their opinions and preferences through voting. - It encourages political awareness and active participation, as citizens are aware that their vote can make a difference in the decision-making process. In summary, universal adult franchise upholds the democratic ideal of equality by ensuring that all citizens have an equal say in the governance of their nation.

The correct option is A.
These lines have been taken from joothan."Joothan" refers to scraps of food left on a plate, destined for the garbage or animals. India's untouchables have been forced to accept and eat joothan for centuries, and the word encapsulates the pain, humiliation, and poverty of a community forced to live at the bottom of India's social pyramid.