Test: Mechanism of Evolution - NEET MCQ

• Industrial melanism is an adaptation where the moths living in industrial areas develop melanin pigments to match their body to the soot covered surroundings.
• In this case, moths with dark coloured will be selected by nature and hence they will be reproductively successful as compared to moths of light colour. Hence it is an example of protective colouration.

Hence the correct option is "D" 

Line in NCERT: "Hence, moths that were able to camouflage themselves, i.e., hide in the background, survived."

• Geographical isolation is the physical separation of two populations by geographical barriers. This occurs through adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation.
• Reproductive isolation is the separation of two populations of the same species, preventing interbreeding and production of fertile offspring.

Hence the correct option is "A" 

Line in NCERT: "Coupled to enhance reproductive success, natural selection makes it look like different population."

• Hugo de Vries proved mutation theory by doing experiments on Oenothera lamarckian, also known as evening primrose.
• It was from this plant; he came up with the observations.
• It is a complex heterozygous plant with a chromosomal aberration.

Line in NCERT: "In the first decade of twentieth century, Hugo deVries based on his work on evening primrose brought forth the idea of mutations - large difference arising suddenly in that differ from other breeds."

• Single-step that causes large mutation is called saltation.
• It is called as such because the mutation occurs suddenly and abruptly that leads to evolution in large scale.
• Hugo de Vries used this term against Darwin’s theory of evolution.

Line in NCERT: "Hugo deVries believed mutation caused speciation and hence called it saltation (single step large mutation)."

• The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
• It operates in the absence of mutation, natural selection and recombination.

Line in NCERT: "Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These are gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection."