Test: Improvement In Food Resources- 1 - Class 9 MCQ

Answer:
Introduction:
Fertilizers are substances that are added to soil or plants to provide essential nutrients that are necessary for plant growth. These nutrients can be broadly classified into macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients. While most fertilizers contain a combination of various nutrients, there are certain nutrients that may not be available in fertilizers.
Explanation:
Among the given options, the nutrient that is not available in fertilizers is Iron (Fe). Here's why:
- Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth. It is commonly found in fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate, urea, or ammonium sulfate.
- Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is another macronutrient necessary for plant growth, particularly for root development and flowering. Fertilizers often contain phosphorus in the form of phosphoric acid or phosphates.
- Iron (Fe): Iron is a micronutrient required in small amounts by plants. It plays a crucial role in chlorophyll synthesis and is involved in many enzymatic reactions. However, iron is not commonly found in fertilizers because excessive iron can be toxic to plants. Instead, iron is often supplied to plants through iron chelates or iron sulfate sprays.
- Potassium (K): Potassium is a macronutrient that helps in overall plant development and resistance to diseases. It is commonly present in fertilizers in the form of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, among the given nutrients, Iron (Fe) is not typically available in fertilizers. However, it is important to note that specific fertilizers may contain trace amounts of iron or may be supplemented with iron chelates for specific plant needs.

• In this scenario, the Assertion stating that broiler chickens are fed with vitamin-rich supplementary feed for good growth rate and better feed efficiency is indeed true based on common practices in broiler chicken production.
• The Reason mentioning that care is taken to avoid mortality and to maintain feathering and carcass quality in broiler chicken production is also true.
• However, while both statements are true, the Reason does not directly explain why broiler chickens are fed with vitamin-rich supplementary feed. The Reason statement provides additional information about the care taken in broiler chicken production but does not explain the assertion.
• Hence, the correct answer would be Option B: If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Inland fishery refers to the practice of culturing fish in freshwater bodies. Here is a detailed explanation of what inland fishery entails:
Definition: Inland fishery refers to the cultivation and management of fish species in freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.
Characteristics:
- Freshwater bodies: Inland fishery is specifically focused on freshwater environments rather than saltwater or marine environments.
- Cultivation: The main objective of inland fishery is to culture and raise fish species in a controlled environment.
- Biodiversity: Inland fishery contributes to the conservation and management of freshwater fish species, promoting biodiversity and ecological balance.
- Sustainable practices: Inland fishery usually emphasizes sustainable fishing practices to maintain fish populations and minimize negative environmental impacts.
- Economic importance: Inland fishery plays a significant role in providing livelihoods and income for communities through the production and sale of fish.
Methods:
- Aquaculture: Inland fishery often involves the practice of aquaculture, where fish are bred, raised, and harvested in enclosed freshwater systems like fish ponds or tanks.
- Stocking: Inland fishery may also include the stocking of fish in natural freshwater bodies to enhance fish populations for recreational or commercial purposes.
- Fish farming: Inland fishery can involve various fish farming techniques, such as cage culture, raceways, or integrated farming systems.
Benefits:
- Food security: Inland fishery contributes to the production of fish for human consumption, helping to meet the increasing demand for protein-rich food.
- Employment opportunities: Inland fishery provides employment opportunities in fish farming, hatcheries, processing, and marketing sectors.
- Conservation: Inland fishery helps in the conservation and management of freshwater fish species, contributing to the preservation of biodiversity.
- Economic growth: Inland fishery can stimulate local economies through the sale and export of fish products.
In conclusion, inland fishery refers to the cultivation and management of fish in freshwater bodies. It plays a crucial role in food security, employment generation, conservation, and economic growth.

• Option A: Apis mellifera is not the Indian bee; it is an Italian bee variety commonly used for commercial honey production. The Indian bee is Apis cerana indica.
• Option B: Catla is correctly matched as a surface feeder. In composite fish culture systems, Catla feeds on the surface of the pond.
• Option C: Rohu is incorrectly matched as a bottom feeder. Rohu feeds in the middle-zone of the pond, not at the bottom.
• Option D: Peneaus monodon is incorrectly matched as a fresh water prawn; it is a marine prawn. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a fresh water prawn.

Therefore, the correctly matched pair is Option B: Catla - Surface feeder.

Statement (i) and (ii) are correct because manure is prepared from the break- down of plant and animal waste products. Hence it is  rich in organic matter. Manure contributes to the fertility of the soil by adding organic - matter and some essential nutrients like N, P and K which helps in enhancing growth of plants.  Manure makes the clayey soil aerated  because of their small - pores and increase the water holding capacity of the sandy soil due to their large pore size.  . In clayey soils, the large quantities of organic matter help in drainage and in avoiding water logging. . In clayey soils, the large quantities of organic matter help in drainage and in avoiding water logging.

The correct answer is Option D: Rabi crops - Mustard, Linseed, Wheat. Rabi crops are typically grown in the winter season from November to April. Mustard, Linseed, and Wheat are examples of Rabi crops.

Let's analyze the other options:

• Option A: Green Revolution - Increased milk production - This is incorrect. The Green Revolution is associated with increased food-grain production, not milk production. The White Revolution is linked to increased milk production.
• Option B: White Revolution - Increased food-grain production - This is incorrect. The White Revolution is associated with increased milk production, while the Green Revolution is linked to increased food-grain production.
• Option C: Kharif crops - Wheat, Gram, Peas - This is incorrect. Kharif crops are typically grown in the rainy season from June to October. Examples of Kharif crops include Paddy, Soyabean, Pigeon Pea, Maize, Cotton, Green Gram, and Black Gram. Wheat, Gram, and Peas are Rabi crops.
• Option D: Rabi crops - Mustard, Linseed, Wheat - This is correct. As mentioned, these crops are grown during the Rabi season in the winter months.

• The Assertion: The assertion that the use of fertilizers in agriculture always leads to increased crop yields is not entirely correct. While fertilizers do provide essential nutrients that can enhance plant growth, the statement is too absolute. There are cases where the excessive use of fertilizers can lead to environmental issues and soil degradation, impacting crop yields negatively.
• The Reason: The reason that fertilizers supply essential nutrients to plants that can enhance their growth and productivity is generally true. Fertilizers play a crucial role in providing plants with nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for their growth. However, it is not always the case that increased fertilizer use directly translates to increased yields.
• Therefore, while the Reason is generally correct, it does not fully explain why the Assertion is true in all scenarios, leading to Option B being the most appropriate answer.

Mixed cropping involves growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land, providing a form of risk reduction and insurance against the failure of one crop. This method helps optimize nutrient utilization, reduce pest and disease spread, and increase overall yield potential.

Green manure refers to:
There are four options presented, and the correct answer is C: the plants grown and mulched by ploughing before sowing the crop. Let's break down each option to understand why this is the correct answer:
A. The organic manure prepared by green worms:
- This option refers to the manure produced by green worms, which is not the definition of green manure. Green manure is typically associated with plants, not worms.
B. The manure used by small green plants:
- This option suggests that small green plants use manure, which is not an accurate description of green manure. Green manure is primarily used as a soil amendment, not consumed directly by plants.
C. The plants grown and mulched by ploughing before sowing the crop:
- This is the correct definition of green manure. It involves growing specific plant species, such as legumes or grasses, and incorporating them into the soil by ploughing or tilling before planting the main crop. The purpose is to improve soil fertility, control weeds, and enhance soil structure.
D. The organic manure added to soil before ploughing and sowing:
- This option is similar to option C but lacks the mention of growing and mulching specific plants. Green manure involves the use of specific plant species, not just any organic manure.
In conclusion, green manure refers to the plants grown and mulched by ploughing before sowing the crop. This practice helps improve soil health and fertility.

Cattle husbandry is defined as the management of cattle by humans for monetary gains, yielding good quality and quantity milk, help in agriculture and farming and give a huge quantity of meat.

The milch animals like buffaloes, cow, she-goat gives milk and the other cattle which do not give milk like bulls are called draught animals as they help in farming like tilling, cart driving and irrigation.

Cattle husbandry includes only cattle and not hen and duck hence no egg production happens. therefore (i), (ii) and (iii) points are correct but the (iv) point is incorrect. 

• Option A: Dug wells collect water from water bearing strata that is relatively shallow, not from deeper strata. The deeper strata are usually tapped by tube wells.
• Option B: Tube wells are designed to tap water from deeper strata, not just from the relatively shallow water bearing strata.
• Option C: River Lift Systems are designed to directly draw water from rivers for irrigation, especially in areas where canal flow is insufficient or irregular.
• Option D: Tanks are small storage reservoirs that intercept and store runoff from smaller catchment areas, not directly from reservoirs or rivers.

Thus, the correctly matched pair is Option C: River Lift Systems - Water directly drawn from rivers.

Plants can be made disease-resistant by:

• Hybridisation: Hybridization is a process that involves crossing two different varieties or species of plants to create offspring with desirable traits. This can result in disease-resistant plants by combining the disease resistance genes from different parents.


• Genetic modification: Genetic modification, also known as genetic engineering, involves introducing specific genes into a plant's genome to give it desired traits. This can include introducing genes for disease resistance, allowing the plant to fight off pathogens more effectively.


• Both (a) and (b): Plants can be made disease-resistant by both hybridization and genetic modification. By combining the natural genetic diversity of different plants through hybridization and introducing specific disease resistance genes through genetic modification, plants can have enhanced resistance to various diseases.


• Use of antibiotics: The use of antibiotics is not a method for making plants disease-resistant. Antibiotics are typically used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans, but they are not effective against plant diseases caused by fungi, viruses, or other pathogens.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C: both (a) and (b). Hybridization and genetic modification are two methods that can be used to make plants disease-resistant by combining desirable traits and introducing specific genes for disease resistance. The use of antibiotics is not a viable method for achieving this goal.

The process of decomposing farm waste using earthworms to hasten the decomposition of plant and animal refuse is called vermi-compost. This method enriches the compost with organic matter and nutrients more quickly.

Aseel is an example of an Indian indigenous breed used in poultry farming. It is known for its quality meat and adaptability to local conditions, which makes it a valuable breed in cross-breeding programs aimed at improving poultry varieties.

One of the desirable traits developed through cross-breeding in poultry farming is low maintenance requirements. This trait makes the breeds easier to manage and reduces the overall cost of farming, contributing to better efficiency and profitability in poultry operations.