Test: Kingdom Fungi - NEET MCQ

Figure mentioned in the question is aspergillus which belong to class ascomycetes.

The asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. Conidia on germination produce mycelium. Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac like asci (singular ascus). These asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps. Some examples are Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora.

Line in NCERT: "Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced endogenously in sac like asci (singular ascus). These asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps."

- Deuteromycetes are indeed called "imperfect fungi" because only the asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known. When the sexual forms of these fungi were discovered they were moved into classes they rightly belong to. It is also possible that the asexual and vegetative stage have been given one name (and placed under deuteromycetes) and the sexual stage another (and placed under another class)
- However, the reason given in the statement that these fungi have an autotrophic mode of nutrition is incorrect. Deuteromycetes are actually heterotrophic, not autotrophic.
- Therefore, the correct answer is: C: (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Line in NCERT: "Commonly known as imperfect fungi because only the asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known."

When a fungus reproduces sexually, two haploid hyphae of compatible mating types come together and fuse. In some fungi the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells (2n). However, in other fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs; such a condition is called a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus

Line in NCERT: "However, in other fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs; such a condition is called a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus."

The network of hyphae is known as mycelium. Some hyphae are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm – these are called coenocytic hyphae.

Line in NCERT: "The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic."

Members of phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants. The mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic. Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile). These spores are endogenously produced in sporangium. A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes. These gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous or oogamous).

Line in NCERT: "These gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous or oogamous)."

Non-motile spores in Phycomycetes are called as Aplanospores and motile spores are known as Zoospores. Fusion of similar or dissimilar gametes through sexual mode results in Zygospores.

Line in NCERT: "Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (motile) or by aplanospores (non-motile)."

Commonly known as sac-fungi, the ascomycetes are mostly multicellular, e.g., Penicillium, or rarelyunicellular, e.g., yeast (Saccharomyces). They are saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous (growing on dung).  is branched and septate. The asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores

Asexual spores in Ascomycetes are called Conidia and are produced exogenously by conidiocarps. Sexual spores in Ascomycetes are called Ascospores and are produced endogenously in asci present inside Ascocarps.

Line in NCERT: "The asexual spores are conidia produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores."

Asexual reproduction is by spores called conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores, and sexual reproduction is by oospores, ascospores and basidiospores

a) Basidiomycetes reproduce asexually through the formation of basidiospores. is incorrect

The mycelium is branched and septate. The asexual spores are generally not found, but vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common. The sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes. The resultant structure is dikaryotic which ultimately gives rise to basidium. Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing four basidiospores. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium (pl.: basidia). The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarps

Line in NCERT: "The sex organs are absent, but plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes."

Some common examples are Mucor , Rhizopus (the bread mould) and Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard) all belong to phycomycetes.

Line in NCERT: "Some common examples are Mucor (Figure 2.5a), Rhizopus (the bread mould mentioned earlier) and Albugo (the parasitic fungi on mustard)."

The sexual cycle involves the following three steps: (i) Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes called plasmogamy. (ii) Fusion of two nuclei called karyogamy. (iii) Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores

Line in NCERT: "The sexual cycle involves the following three steps: (i) Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes called plasmogamy. (ii) Fusion of two nuclei called karyogamy. (iii) Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores."

fungi are filamentous. Their bodies consist of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae. The network of hyphae is known as mycelium. Some hyphae are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm – these are called coenocytic hyphae. Others have septae or cross walls in their hyphae. The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and polysaccharides.

Line in NCERT: "Their bodies consist of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae."

Members of phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants.