Test: India in the 6th Century BC Rise of Jainism and Buddhism - Class 9 MCQ

Mahavira is recognized as the founder of Jainism, having articulated its core teachings and principles. His emphasis on non-violence (ahimsa) and spiritual purity resonated with many, leading to the religion's growth and establishment.

Buddhism significantly impacted society by advocating for non-violence (ahimsa) and challenging traditional practices such as animal sacrifices and the caste system. This message resonated with many, influencing social norms and practices across various regions.

The priestly class was criticized for their focus on animal sacrifices and costly rituals that were beyond the means of the common people. This exploitation led many to seek alternative spiritual paths, such as Jainism and Buddhism, which rejected such practices.

One of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism is that desire causes suffering. This insight helps followers understand the root of their suffering and guides them toward practices that can alleviate this pain by ending attachment and desire.

During the 6th century BC, religious practices were heavily centered on rituals and sacrifices, often costly and complex. This focus created dissatisfaction among the common people and fostered the development of alternative belief systems like Jainism and Buddhism.

Mahavira and Buddha taught in Prakrit, a language that was more accessible to the common people than Sanskrit. This choice helped spread their teachings widely, allowing more individuals to engage with their philosophies.

Ahimsa, meaning non-violence, is a foundational principle of Jainism. It promotes compassion towards all living beings and is a key tenet that followers practice in their daily lives, influencing their interactions and lifestyle choices.

The caste system was the central social structure in India during this period, dividing society into four main groups: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. This rigid hierarchy dictated social roles and limited mobility, prompting the emergence of religions like Jainism and Buddhism that advocated for equality.

Mahavira rejected Vedic authority and the worship of deities, instead advocating for personal spiritual development and the teachings of Jainism. His focus on ethical living and non-violence marked a departure from traditional Vedic practices.

Mahayana Buddhism characterizes Buddha as a divine figure and emphasizes the role of Bodhisattvas—those who seek enlightenment not just for themselves but for all beings. This perspective fosters a sense of communal salvation and compassion, broadening the appeal of Buddhism beyond individual practice.

Mahavira taught that individuals are responsible for their own karma, which influences their current and future lives. This understanding emphasizes personal accountability and the importance of ethical conduct in achieving liberation.

The Triratnas, or Three Jewels, in Jainism consist of right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct, which are essential for achieving salvation. These principles guide Jains in their spiritual pursuits and ethical living.

The Eightfold Path promotes a balanced approach to life, guiding adherents in ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom. It is fundamental to Buddhism and leads practitioners toward the cessation of suffering and the attainment of enlightenment.

The Sangha is the monastic community in Buddhism, consisting of monks and nuns who follow the teachings of Buddha. It plays a crucial role in preserving and spreading Buddhist teachings, providing a structured community for spiritual practice and development.

Magadha was a powerful kingdom during the 6th century BC that played a significant role in the spread of Jainism and Buddhism. Rulers such as Bimbisara and Ajatashatru supported these religions, facilitating their growth and influence in the region.