Test: Pollution - A Rising Environmental Problem - Class 10 MCQ

Pollution refers to the introduction of any substance into the environment that leads to its deterioration or contamination, reducing its suitability for living organisms. Understanding this definition is crucial for addressing environmental issues and implementing effective pollution control measures.

Paper is a biodegradable pollutant because it consists of organic matter that microorganisms can decompose. Unlike non-biodegradable pollutants such as plastic and Styrofoam, biodegradable materials can be naturally recycled and transformed into useful products.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is produced by natural phenomena such as lightning as well as from high temperatures in automobile engine combustion chambers. It is a significant contributor to air pollution and can lead to environmental issues like acid rain and respiratory problems.

Carbon monoxide (CO) binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin, which inhibits the circulation of oxygen. This can lead to serious health issues, including headaches, dizziness, and even fatal outcomes with prolonged exposure.

Acid rain occurs when sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) combine with atmospheric moisture to form sulfuric and nitric acids. This acidic precipitation can cause significant damage to buildings, ecosystems, and water sources.

Smog forms from a combination of fog, dust, smoke, and sulfur dioxide. This mixture is particularly common in urban areas during winter, leading to reduced visibility and various health problems for residents.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is one of the primary gases responsible for the greenhouse effect. It traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming, which has significant implications for climate patterns and ecosystems worldwide.

Particulate matter pollution is linked to various health issues, particularly respiratory disorders such as asthma. These tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, leading to serious health complications.

Eutrophication refers to the accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in water bodies, which promotes rapid algae growth. This can lead to oxygen depletion and harm aquatic life, demonstrating the delicate balance needed in aquatic ecosystems.

Soil pollution primarily leads to decreased soil fertility, as harmful chemicals can disrupt the natural ecosystem and reduce the soil's ability to support plant life. This has cascading effects on food production and the health of terrestrial ecosystems.

Gamma radiation is considered the most harmful type of radiation due to its high penetrating power, which can damage living tissues and DNA. It is important to manage exposure to minimize health risks, including cancer.

Agricultural runoff is a significant source of water pollution, as fertilizers and pesticides can wash into water bodies, leading to contamination. This pollution can harm aquatic ecosystems and pose risks to human health.

Noise pollution is linked to various health issues, including high blood pressure. Prolonged exposure to loud noises can stress the body and lead to cardiovascular problems, highlighting the importance of managing noise levels in urban environments.

Banning loudspeakers is an effective measure to minimize noise pollution. This can help reduce disturbances in public spaces and residential areas, contributing to a healthier and more peaceful environment for everyone.

Ozone layer depletion results in higher levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching Earth's surface. This can lead to increased health risks, such as skin cancer and eye damage, as well as adverse effects on ecosystems and wildlife.

Lead is a heavy metal that poses significant health risks, including neurological damage and developmental issues in children. Its presence in the environment requires careful management to prevent contamination and protect public health.

The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, launched on October 2, 2014, is an initiative aimed at improving sanitation and cleanliness across India. It focuses on eliminating open defecation and ensuring proper waste management, contributing to public health and hygiene.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) is emitted from burning fossil fuels and contributes to smog formation. This pollutant can lead to respiratory problems and environmental degradation, highlighting the need for cleaner energy sources.

The Bharat norms aim to set stricter emission control standards for vehicles, thereby reducing air pollution from automobiles. These regulations are crucial for improving air quality and protecting public health.

Thermal pollution often leads to decreased oxygen levels in water bodies as warmer water holds less oxygen. This can harm aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and leading to the death of fish and other organisms that rely on adequate oxygen levels for survival.