UPSC CSE Prelims Paper 2 (CSAT) Mock Test - 10 - UPSC MCQ

Let's check each of the given options:

The Galwan valley clashes:

• The fifth sentence of the passage clearly says that the agreed disengagement process last year was disrupted by the Galwan valley clashes.
• So, it can be concluded that India and China had agreed upon disengagement but the this agreement was brought to a halt by the Galwan valley clashes.

Withdrawal of troops by China:

• China did withdraw its troops but this was not the reason behind the agreement coming to a halt.
• It is because the agreement was disrupted by the Galwan valley clashes which took place in June i.e. way before disengagement.
• So, option (B) gets ruled out.
  

Withdrawal of troops by India:

• India also withdrew its troops but this also was not the reason behind the agreement coming to a halt.
• As mentioned above, the agreement was disrupted by the Galwan valley clashes which took place in June i.e. much prior to the disengagement.
• So, option (C) gets ruled out.

Designation of the area  as a temporary non-patrol zone:

• Both the countries have agreed to disengage from Pangong Tso.
• The disputed area has been designated as a temporary non-patrol zone i.e. neither of the countries can station their troops in this area.
• But, this was not the reason behind the agreement being disrupted. It was done by the Galwan valley clashes instead.
• So, option (D) also gets ruled out.

Given series:

5, 7, 12, 19, 31, ?

The form of the given series is as follows: The next number is the sum of the previous two numbers.

⇒ 5 + 7 = 12

⇒ 7 + 12 = 19

⇒ 12 + 19 = 31

⇒ 19 + 31 = 50

∴ 50 will comes in the place of ?.

Fundamental Rights are the bedrock of the democratic system in the country.

The fundamental rights of citizens are the bedrock for managing and mitigating conflict, spurring economic growth, and protecting human dignity. Countries with democratic freedoms are more just, peaceful, and stable, and citizens can fulfill their potential.

Given:

The given numbers are 12, 15, 18 and 27.

The least number which is exactly divisible by each one of the given number is called their LCM.

LCM of 12, 15, 18 and 27.

12 = 2 × 2 × 3

15 = 3 × 5

27 = 3 × 3 × 3

LCM of 12, 15 and 27 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 ×3 × 5 = 540

The largest four-digit number is 9999.

9999 ÷ 540

We get the remainder as 279.

∴ The largest number of four digits which is exactly divisible by 12, 15, 18 and 27 = 9999 - 279 = 9720.

• In the passage, it is mentioned that 'The author has something to say which he perceives to be true and useful; or helpfully beautiful'. From this line, we can conclude that a writer is motivated to write a book if he discerns a great truth.
• It is nowhere implied in the passage that an author of a book generally gathers some common truths and gives them a popular and pleasing expression.
• Moreover, It is mentioned in the passage that 'So far he knows no one has said it....'. From here we can say that a great writer is convinced that whatever he says is not an echo or imitation of what others have said.
• In addition, it is mentioned that 'so far as he knows no one else can say it the author is bound to say it clearly and melodiously if he may; clearly at all events'. From this sentence, we can say that an eminent writer’s message is conveyed through plain unambiguous language.

From this, we can conclude that "an author of a book generally gathers some common truths and gives them a popular and pleasing expression" is not implied in the passage.

As per the given all information in above question , we can say that
There are 8 cubes in Layer 1, 4 cubes in Layer 2, 4 cubes in Layer 3, and 8 cubes in Layer 4 which have only two faces painted.
Thus, there are 8 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 24 such cubes.

• Option (A) is right according to the passage. The passage mentions that God created humanity and thus human beings are obliged to live according to God’s expectations to achieve salvation.
• Option (B) is right because offering prayers is a religious practice of almost all religions. This is the path to living a life as expected by God.
• Option (D) is right as according to passage, religion and state should be kept separate so as to prevent state’s interference in religious duties, else one would be condemned to eternal damnation.
• Option (C) is wrong as offering sacrifice to God is not part of many religious practices and it is also not mentioned in the paragraph.

China, Malaysia and Indonesia are among the world's leading tin producers. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

• China also leads in the production of lead, antimony and tungsten.

Brazil and Bolivia are among the world's largest producers of tin, but not of Tungsten, Antimony, or Lead. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.

While these minerals are found in Eastern Europe, it is not a leading producer of the above.

Europe is the leading producer of iron-ore in the world. Minerals deposits of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel are found in eastern Europe and European Russia.

Apart from Gold, diamond and platinum, other minerals found in Africa are copper, iron ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt and bauxite.

Oil is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola. Therefore, statement 2 is not correct.

(A) 22 + 926 + 82 + 122 + 20 = 1172

LHS = 22 + 926 + 82 + 122 + 20 = 1172 = RHS

(B) 55 + 956 + 85 + 155 + 50 = 1175

LHS = 55 + 956 + 85 + 155 + 50 = 1301 ≠ RHS

(C) 11 + 916 + 81 + 111 + 10 = 1171

LHS = 11 + 916 + 81 + 111 + 10 = 1129 ≠ RHS

(D) 33 + 936 + 83 + 133 + 30 = 1173

LHS = 33 + 936 + 83 + 133 + 30 = 1215  ≠ RHS

Therefore, the correct option is (A).

We can break the question in three parts.
Let us calculate the number of ways in which the person may go to point C from A. He has to take one right step and one step upwards. Let us denote each right step by and the upward step by u. He has to take one and one .
The number of ways two and one may be arranged , ways.
Similarly, from C to D he will need 2 right and 2 upward steps. Number of ways, ways.
Similarly, from D to B he will need 3 right and 3 upward steps.
Number of ways, ways.
So total number of ways possible from to
ways.

Let the cost price of article Rs. 100

Marked price of article  Rs.120

On profit of , its selling price of article Rs. 110

Discount Rs. Rs.

If discount be , then, 

• In the passage, the author explains the importance of democratic rights for the economic security of people. According to him, democracy and political rights help to reduce famines. So, (B) is the correct answer.
• However, at any condition famines will not occur in democratic countries cannot be inferred from the passage. So, option (A) is incorrect.
• In the passage, the relationship between democracy and economic prosperity is not mentioned. Thus, option (C) is incorrect.
• The impact of famines on the functioning of democracy is also not mentioned. Therefore, option (D) is also incorrect.

Here’s why option C is correct and the other three options do not match the passage:

Option C. Cheap costs, social acceptance, and complicated adoption procedures

• The passage explicitly says that India’s surrogacy industry has boomed because it is “at least ten times cheaper than in their respective countries.”

• It also notes that surrogacy is “socially accepted” in India.

• Finally, it states that “surrogacy has emerged as a preferred option because of complicated adoption procedures.”
  Putting these three points together (low cost + social acceptance + difficult adoption) exactly matches what the passage describes as driving the ₹25-billion-rupee business.

Why the other options are not supported:

1. Option A: High costs and complex procedures

   • The passage repeatedly emphasizes low (not high) cost.

   • It says adoption procedures are complex, but it does not describe surrogacy procedures themselves as complex.

   • Therefore “high costs and complex procedures” contradicts the passage.

2. Option B: Government subsidies and financial incentives

   • Nowhere does the passage mention any government subsidies or special financial incentives for surrogacy.

   • Instead, it highlights low private‐sector pricing and social acceptance; there is no reference to government help in the text.

3. Option D: Lack of ART clinics and medical infrastructure

   • On the contrary, the passage speaks of a large Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) industry, with clinics accredited (under ICMR guidelines) and serving growing numbers of clients.

   • A “lack of clinics” would not explain growth; the passage actually implies that clinic availability is sufficient.

   • Hence, option D does not reflect what the passage says.

Because only option C pulls together all three factors mentioned—low cost, social acceptance, and cumbersome adoption laws—it is the correct choice.

According to the passage, “Most people prefer to believe....which he lives is lying and corrupt”. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

Option (A) is a gross generalization as the passage merely talks about inactions against the corrupt and not all the situations. Therefore it is incorrect. 

Option (B) is wrong as well as the passage does not give any information on the results of propaganda. Therefore, option (D) is also incorrect.

1. First, note how “CENTRAL” was coded. We list its letters in the order they appear and assign them codes A, B, C, … in sequence:

2. Next, check how “PLANETARIUM” was coded (to confirm the rule). Its letters (in order) are 

    “L, A, N, E, T, R” already appear in the codebook from step 1, so we reuse their codes:
   L→G, A→F, N→C, E→B, T→D, R→E.
   – The very first new letter we encounter is “P,” so we assign it the next unused code (which is H).
   – The next new letter is “I,” so assign it I (the next letter after H).
   – Then “U” gets J, and “M” gets K.

   Hence “PLANETARIUM” →
   P→H, L→G, A→F, N→C, E→B, T→D, A→F, R→E, I→I, U→J, M→K
   ⇒ HGFCBDFEIJK.
   This confirms the rule:

3. Now encode “LANTERN” using exactly the same codebook (which currently is only from “CENTRAL”; all letters of “LANTERN” already appear there):

– L→G
– A→F
– N→C
– T→D
– E→B
– R→E
– N→C (N was already coded as C)

Hence LANTERN → G F C D B E C.

The ratio of Sumit's and Prakash's age at present

Let Sumit's present age years 

Prakash's present age years

Given Sumit is 6 years younger than Prakash.

Therefore, 

The ratio of Sumit's age to Prakash's age after 6 years

 The logic behind why GLIDERS is written as ERSDGLI is as follows

Similarly, the same logic  TOASTER follows

Answer: Type A

Explanation :

Summing production (in 1000s) over 1997–2001 for each cycle type:

• A: 200 + 150 + 180 + 195 + 220 = 945

• B: 150 + 180 + 175 + 160 + 185 = 850

• C: 78 + 100 + 92 + 120 + 130 = 520

• D: 90 + 105 + 110 + 125 + 135 = 565

• E: 65 + 70 + 85 + 75 + 80 = 375

Type A has the highest total (945), so A is the correct choice.

A is brother of B.

C is mother of A.

D is father of C.

F is son of A.

A is grandfather of F’s child.

Therefore, B is grand-father of F’s child.

The sex of B is not known. But considering the given options we must opt (B) as an answer.

The first line of the passage means that punching in the sky is not considered an act of intelligence. The rest of the options are political agitation, fruitless work, reasonless purposefully does not convey the right intention of intelligence.

In this passage, the words literature, art, dance etc. are meaningless if they do not do well the human being.

Statements 1 and 4 are correct as seen from the 2nd paragraph.

Statement 2 is incorrect as there are guidelines issued by ICMR. 

Statement 3 is correct as seen from the 1st paragraph.

Person -A, M, P, D, Q, R, W and B.

D is fourth to the left of A who is third to the right of M.

P is third to the left of Q who is third to the left of M.

R is third to the right of W who is second to the right of B.

AB is the second person sitting to the immediate right of the first person.

The assumption is something the author believes to be true without directly stating it — it's the foundation on which the argument is built.

In the passage:

• Singing improves mental alertness.
• Singing helps people with dementia.
• It boosts memory, concentration, and neuroplasticity.
• It relieves anxiety, stress, and depression.

All these benefits are connected to brain health, so the assumption behind the entire passage is that: Singing is good for the brain.

Given:

Profit at which Akshita sells the watch = 25%

Loss at which Ravi sells the watch = 30%

Price at which Ravi sells the watch = Rs. 4550

Profit at which Akshita sells the watch = 25%

⇒ CP₁ : SP₁ : Profit = 4 : (4 + 1) : 1      [25% = ]

⇒ CP₁ : SP₁ = 4 : 5      ----(1)

Loss at which Ravi sells the watch = 30%

⇒ CP₂ : SP₂ : Loss = 10 : (10 - 3) : 3      [30% = ]

⇒ CP₂ : SP₂ = 10 : 7

Price at which Akshita sells and price at which Ravi buys must be same

⇒ Multiplying (1) by 2, we get

CP₁ : SP₁ = (4 : 5) × 2 = 8 : 10

⇒ Ratio of cost price for Akshita, Ravi and Sweta = 8 : 10 : 7

Price at which Ravi sells and and price at which Sweta buys must be same

Price at which Ravi sells the watch = Rs. 4550

⇒ 1 unit = Rs. = Rs. 650

⇒ Price at which Akshita bought the watch = Rs. 650 × 8 = Rs. 5200

∴ The price at which Akshita bought the watch is Rs. 5200.

d = √(length² + width² + height²).

d = √(10² + 8² + 6²)
  = √(100 + 64 + 36)
  = √200
  = √(100·2)
  = 10√2 (cm).
x√2 = 10√2 ⇒ x = 10.
 

Let us note the following:

The author wants to say that one should not base their entire work on half knowledge.

Any task should be done only after getting full knowledge else it can be harmful.

The first, the second, and the third options need not be inferred.

These find a direct mention in the passage.

First star = 9 minutes

Second star = 4 minutes

Third star = 15 minutes

LCM (9, 4, 15) = 3 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 180 minutes = 3 hours.

Therefore, the stars twinkle together before 3 hours at 1:00 a.m.

• Definition of a trailing zero:
  A trailing zero in a product arises from each pair of prime factors (2 × 5) that combine to form 10.

• List of factors:
  The product is
  25, 27, 29, 31, …, 223, 225  

• i.e. all odd integers from 25 up to 225 taken in steps of 2.

• Check for factors of 2:

  • Every factor in the list is odd, so none contributes a factor of 2.

  • Therefore, the entire product has zero factors of 2.

• Check for factors of 5:

  • Some terms (25, 35, 45, …, 225) do include factors of 5 (e.g. 25 = 5², 35 = 5 × 7, etc.).

  • However, without any factors of 2, those 5’s cannot pair up to form 10.

• Conclusion:

  • Since there are no 2’s to pair with the 5’s, there are no complete 10’s in the prime factorization.

  • Hence the product ends with 0 trailing zeros.

Let us note the following:

The first part of the passage gives the benefits that singing has on physical health.

The second part of the passage gives the benefit that singing has on emotional health.

Thus, both the first and second statements can be implied from the passage.

So, the correct answer is Both 1 and 2.