Test: Biology - 1 - UPSC MCQ

Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production Vaccines on large scale production. e.g., hepatitis B vaccine produced from yeast. That means Option B is wrong, and we are asked to find wrong option.

• 2018-Dec the Hindu: Overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents is the single most important cause of development of resistance. They are also used indiscriminately as growth promoters in animals or used to prevent diseases in healthy animals. The antibiotics used in livestock are ingested by humans when they consume food.The transfer of resistant bacteria to humans by farm animals was first noted more than 35 years ago. (says American medical journal). So, #2 & #3 are right this eliminates A and C. Because they don’t contain 2 or 3.
• According to the 4th World Health Organ ization (WHO) report on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance: multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) has been shown to be almost twice as common in tuberculosis (TB) patients living with HIV compared to TB patients without HIV. So #4 does seem to have some validity.
  Accordingly, the answer should be D.

• Cobras, the pythons, the keelbacks don’t lay eggs so they’re called ‘viviparous’ as  bring out live young.
  So, #4 is right. Answer could be B, C or D, in all these options, #2 is common so we’ve to accept ‘Some species of fish are herbivores’ are true without verification.
• Depending on the species, sea turtles may be carnivorous (meat eating), herbivorous (plant eating), or omnivores (eating both meat and plants). So #1 is right and by elimination we are left with answer D: all statements are correct.

There is a community in Khar, a hamlet in Darchula district in far-western Nepal, which produces fabrics from Himalayan nettle. The fabric and the things made from it are sold in local as well as national and international markets as high-end products so D: textile is most suitable.

Encyclopedia Britannica: In the 15th and 16th centuries, during the Columbian Exchange: numerous plants, animals, and microbes from old world (Europe, Asia, and Africa) were introduced to the new world (Americas) and vice versa. From the image given in the link, it’s evident that Cocoa and Tobacco were introduced from new world to old world so only A fits.

The Plants found in desert area have hard, waxy and tiny leaves and some times the leaves modified into thorns to inhibit water loss.

Birds (#1) moving through crops can carry pathogens from the infected plant to other plans. Woodpeckers carry spores of tree pathogens. Some plant pathogenic bacteria are carried to short distance by wind (#4). In some places, rain seems to be more important than insects in disseminating the fire blight bacteria, by its washing or splattering effect of rain. (#3). There is only Option D where 1, 3 and 4 are together. So, "D" has to be the correct option.

Dengue, Zika and chikungunya are spread through a common vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito. So first statement is right. Although Zika virus is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes, it can also be sexually transmitted as well. So second statement is also right.

(i)  A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
(ii) According to the type of the host they infect, viruses are classified mainly into the following four types:
(a) Plant viruses including algal viruses-RNA/DNA
(b) Animal viruses including human viruses-DNA/ RNA
(c) Fungal viruses(Mycoviruses)-ds RNA
(d) Bacterial viruses (Bacteriophages) including cyanophages-DN Hence answer “(d)”.

H1N1 flu is also known as swine flu. The cause of swine flu is an influenza A virus type designated as H1N1.

Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endothermsis characterized by low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate.It is found in Bat ,bear and rodents etc.

Deficiency of vitamin C causes Scurvy, disease of gums. Deficiency of vitamin D causes Rickets (disease of bones) and Deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness, disease of eyes.

Smallpox is the only disease eradicated from India.

Mite, Spider and Scorpion belong to the category of Arachnids, while Crabs belong to the category of crustaceans.

In photosynthesis the free energy is converted into potential energy and stored.

Viruses have no metabolic enzymes and can not generate their own energy. Viruses require a growth medium containing living cell therefore cannot be cultured in any synthetic medium. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another not only by biological vectors but also by mechanical vectors. Mechanical vector like an arthropod vector which transmit an infective organism from one host to another but it is not essential to the life of cycle of the parasite.

Sea cow is a mammal. It is a herbivore and it grows up to 9 meters. It looks like a large seal. Sea horse is a fish not a mammal. Sea lion is a mammal. It is a carnivore. It is also known as eared seal.

Calcium is the most common and abundant mineral in the body. It is important for healthy bones and teeth, helps muscle relax and contract, important in nerve functioning, blood clotting etc. Sodium is needed for proper fluid balance, nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

Body piercing or getting one’s body tattooed may cost one a huge price- Infection of Hepatitis B and C virus is absolutely possible. The needle used in the act may just be infected with the said virus causing liver disease, which in its ultimate stage often turns cancerous. This is deemed to happen if the needle is not properly sterilized.

Excretion of urea by animals adds nitrogen to the soil, as urea is the main nitrogen containing substance in the urine of mammals, therefore urea is widely used in fertilizers as the convenient source of nitrogen.
Death of vegetation adds up in soil organic matters including humus. As organic matters decompose inorganic nitrogen is released into the soil.