Test: Plant Kingdom - 1 - UPSC MCQ

It functions as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to gases. 

The meristematic cell layer which is responsible for the development of the periderm is called phellogen. It produces cells both in and outwards. Cells which grow inwards will be phelloderm, and cells which develop outwards will be phellem or cork

• Adventitious roots are the type of roots that are grown from different parts of plants such as stem, leaf and tubers etc.
• These are used in vegetative propagation.
• These are mostly grown on root tubers and the apex of these tubers contains numerous adventitious roots which grow into new plants.

Root hairs develop from the region of maturation or the region of differentiation.

In alternate (or spiral) type of phyllotaxy, only one leaf is borne at each node and leaves are arranged alternatively giving a spiral form. Example china rose, mustard & sunflower.

Alcoholic fermentation is a biochemical process in which sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose are converted into small amounts of ATP, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide during the process. In this form of anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down into ethyl alcohol (C₂H₆O) and carbon dioxide.

The correct option is Option C.

The Krebs cycle produces the CO2 that you breathe out. This stage produces most of the energy ( 34 ATP molecules, compared to only 2 ATP for glycolysis and 2 ATP for Krebs cycle). The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria. This stage converts the NADH into ATP.

Short day plants are those plants that begin flowering when the days are shorter than their critical day length. They require the long period of darkness and the short period of light to flower. Long day plants are those plants that begin flowering when the days are longer than their critical day length. They will flower when they are exposed to the short period of darkness and the long period of light. Day neutral plants do not depend upon the amount of darkness or daylight hours for flowering. They flower independent of day length. Examples of day neutral plants are sunflower and tomato. 

Cloves are the rich, brown, dried, unopened flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, an evergreen tree in the myrtle family. The name comes from the French "clou" meaning nail. Cloves come from Madagascar, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Cloves are used in spice cookies and cakes.

1. Fruit is made up from ovary
2. Seed is made from ovule
3. Wood is made from stem
4. Starch is present in leaves.
So, the correct answer is B.
 

Gymnosperms evolved to have seeds but do not have flowers. Examples of gymnosperms include the Redwood, Fir, and Cypress trees. Gymnos means "naked" in Greek; the seeds of gymnosperms are naked, not protected by flowers. Flowering plants, or angiosperms, evolved to have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers.

We know plants prepare their own food and so are known as autotrophs. With the help of photosynthesis they make food in which they produce glucose from carbon dioxide and sunlight. Also, oxygen is released by plants which is further used by humans and other animals. But Fungi lack chlorophyll and do not engage in photosynthesis.

The yellow powder is called pollen and the stick that holds it is known as stamen.

Potassium is an essential nutrient for legumes and all other crops.Potassium also has an important role in maintaining water balance in the plant. In legumes, potassium is necessary for the proper development and functioning of root nodules.

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy

Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that grow in waters with high salinity, such as in mangrove swamps, marshes, seashores and saline semi-deserts. Only two per cent of the plant species found on the Earth are halophytes.

Saffron is obtained by hand picking the yellow stigma and style (the female reproductive part) of plant Crocus sativus that normally grows in the Sub Himalayan region. Thousands of plants are needed to collect one gram of saffron.

Abiotic pollination refers to situations where pollination is mediated without the involvement of other organisms. The most common form of abiotic pollination, anemophily, is pollination by wind. This form of pollination is predominant in grasses, most conifers, and many deciduous trees.Of the 20% of abiotically pollinated species, 98% are anemophilous and 2% hydrophilous, being pollinated by water.

In order for a plant to grow and thrive, it needs a number of different chemical elements. The most important are: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen – Available from air and water and therefore in plentiful supply Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (a.k.a. potash) – The three macronutrients and the three elements you find in most packaged fertilizers.

Sulfur, calcium, and magnesium – Secondary nutrients

Boron, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc – Micronutrients

The subgroup of kingdom plantae which is called the amphibian of plant kingdom is Bryophytes. They live both on land and water. Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments. The bryophytes consist of about 20,000 plant species.