Test: Soils in India - Class 10 MCQ

Alluvial soil is formed from sediments that are deposited by rivers. It is typically very fertile and is found in river basins and deltaic regions, making it suitable for a wide range of crops.

Fertilizers are used to enhance soil fertility by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are crucial for plant growth and crop yield.

Marshy soil is characterized by being rich in organic matter and is typically found in waterlogged areas, such as coastal regions or river deltas, where it supports unique ecosystems and biodiversity.

Red soil gets its reddish hue from the high presence of iron oxide. It is typically found in regions with ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks and is known for its porosity but low fertility.

Red soil is particularly well-suited for growing crops like millets, pulses, and oilseeds due to its ability to adapt to various crops, despite its nutrient deficiencies that may require supplemental fertilization.

Soil erosion is a significant concern because it leads to the loss of fertile soil cover, which degrades land quality and reduces agricultural productivity. It can also result in increased risks of floods and landslides.

Khadar soil is newer alluvial soil deposited by annual monsoon floods and is more fertile because of the regular deposition of nutrients, whereas Bangar soil is older and less fertile.

Leaching occurs when nutrients are washed away from the topsoil due to water movement, leading to a decline in soil fertility. This process can make the soil less productive for agricultural purposes.

Wind erosion is a significant challenge as it displaces the top layer of soil, leading to a reduction in soil fertility and making the land less productive for agriculture.

Black soil, also known as regur soil, is recognized for its moisture-retaining properties, making it ideal for cotton cultivation. Its high clay content allows it to absorb and retain moisture effectively, supporting various crops.

Soil erosion by water is primarily caused by heavy rainfall, which can lead to different forms of erosion such as gully, rill, and sheet erosion, washing away the topsoil and making land unsuitable for cultivation.

Laterite soil is formed through the weathering of rocks in conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall, which leads to the leaching of nutrients and results in a nutrient-deficient soil profile.

Deforestation significantly increases soil erosion as the removal of vegetation leaves soil unprotected against rain and wind, leading to greater soil loss and degradation.

Saline and alkaline soils contain a high amount of salts and are typically found in coastal regions where tidal water accumulates. These soils can pose challenges for agricultural practices due to their salinity.

Desert soil is characterized by its sandy texture and lack of moisture, which makes it suitable only for drought-resistant crops. Its poor nutrient content limits agricultural potential.

Black soil is predominantly found in the Deccan Plateau region, including states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and parts of Tamil Nadu. This soil is particularly well-suited for cotton cultivation.

Contour ploughing involves ploughing along the contour lines of the land, which helps to slow down water runoff and reduce soil erosion, making it an effective conservation practice.

Topsoil is crucial for soil health because it is rich in nutrients and organic matter, making it the most fertile layer where plants establish their roots. It supports the majority of biological activity and is essential for plant growth.

Shelter belts are created by planting trees in rows, which act as windbreaks to reduce wind speed and protect the soil from erosion, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.

Terrace farming is an effective method for reducing soil erosion on sloped lands by creating flat areas, which slows down water runoff and minimizes soil loss, making it suitable for cultivation in hilly regions.