Test: Mahatma Gandhi and the National Movement - Class 10 MCQ

The Simon Commission was met with widespread protests because it included no Indian members, leading to a boycott by Indian political parties, which underscored the demand for self-governance and representation.

Supporting British war efforts was contrary to the objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement, which aimed to resist British rule by promoting self-reliance and rejecting British institutions.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended after the violent retaliation at Chauri Chaura, where protestors killed police officers. Gandhi believed that violence contradicted the principles of non-violence he championed.

Satyagraha, meaning "truth force," is a method developed by Gandhi that emphasizes non-violent resistance as a means to confront injustice. This approach was rooted in the belief that truth and moral righteousness could overcome oppression without resorting to violence.

The Dandi March was specifically aimed at protesting the Salt Tax, which was a symbol of British oppression. By making salt illegally, Gandhi galvanized public support against colonial laws.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel significantly contributed to the Kheda Satyagraha, which sought relief for farmers unable to pay taxes due to crop failures, showcasing Patel’s commitment to agrarian issues.

Although Gandhi advocated for non-violence, he distinguished it from passive resistance. His principle of non-violence was an active force aimed at achieving justice without inflicting harm on others.

Gandhi returned to India in 1915 primarily to assist the indigo farmers in Champaran, where he applied his experiences from South Africa in organizing a non-violent resistance to exploitative practices.

The Khilafat Movement sought to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Caliphate and aimed to unite Hindus and Muslims against British oppression, showcasing the potential for communal unity in the independence struggle.

The Indian National Congress boycotted the First Round Table Conference because it opposed the inclusion of only British representatives without Indian members, highlighting the demand for proper representation.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, when British troops opened fire on a gathering of thousands of unarmed Indians, leading to a national outcry and intensified demands for independence.

The Ahmedabad Satyagraha resulted in a successful negotiation for a 35% wage increase for mill workers, showcasing Gandhi's effective use of non-violent protests to achieve labor rights.

Swadeshi refers to the movement advocating for the use of Indian-made goods and the rejection of foreign products, aiming to foster economic independence and self-sufficiency within India.

The Civil Disobedience Movement aimed directly at attaining independence from British colonial rule by encouraging Indians to defy British laws and regulations through peaceful protests and non-compliance.

The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, allowed the British authorities to arrest individuals without trial and suppress dissent, leading to significant public outrage and protests, including the tragic events at Jallianwala Bagh.

At the Lahore Session in 1929, the Indian National Congress declared 'Poorna Swaraj,' or complete independence, as its primary goal, marking a significant escalation in the demand for self-rule.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed protesters, shocked the nation and galvanized widespread protests against British rule, significantly affecting public sentiment.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included the agreement to release all political prisoners except those involved in violent acts, representing a significant concession by the British government to quell civil unrest.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was initiated in response to multiple grievances, including the Khilafat Movement, which sought to protect the authority of the Ottoman Sultan. Gandhi saw this as a way to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule.

The Champaran Satyagraha aimed to assist indigo farmers who were forced to cultivate the crop at exploitatively low prices. Gandhi's leadership in this movement highlighted the plight of the farmers and led to reforms.