Test: Diseases Cause And Control - Class 9 MCQ

A disease is defined as a structural or functional disorder of the body, which can vary in severity and outcome. Understanding diseases in this way helps identify appropriate prevention and treatment measures. Interestingly, early beliefs linked diseases to supernatural causes, showcasing how medical understanding has evolved through time.

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. This bacterium affects the intestinal tract and can lead to severe dehydration if not treated promptly. Good sanitation practices are crucial in preventing cholera outbreaks, especially in areas with contaminated water supplies.

An endemic disease is one that is consistently found in a particular geographic area, affecting a relatively small number of people. This contrasts with epidemics and pandemics, which involve larger populations and broader geographic spread. For instance, diseases like goitre can be endemic in certain regions.

Hepatitis is caused by several viral strains and leads to liver inflammation. It spreads primarily through contaminated food and water (Hepatitis A and E) or through contaminated syringes and blood (Hepatitis B and C). Awareness of transmission modes is key to prevention.

Non-infectious diseases cannot be transmitted from one person to another, as they are often due to lifestyle, genetic factors, or environmental exposures. This distinguishes them from infectious diseases, which are caused by pathogens and can spread through various means.

A persistent cough is a hallmark symptom of tuberculosis, along with other symptoms like weight loss and fatigue. Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs and can be severely debilitating if not treated with appropriate antibiotics.

The primary prevention methods for typhoid fever include vaccination and maintaining proper sanitation to prevent contamination of food and water. Typhoid is a serious illness, and effective public health measures are essential in controlling its spread.

Malaria is transmitted through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasite Plasmodium multiplies within the mosquito and is injected into humans during a bite. Effective mosquito control measures are essential in reducing malaria transmission rates.

Genetic transmission is not a mode of transmission for infectious diseases. Infectious diseases spread through various routes such as air, food, and water, while genetic disorders are inherited and do not involve pathogen transmission.

Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell multiplication, which can lead to the formation of tumors. Understanding the risk factors, including exposure to carcinogens, is crucial for prevention and early detection, increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Chickenpox is highly contagious, particularly among children. It spreads through close contact and presents with distinctive itchy rashes. Vaccination is recommended as a preventive measure, significantly reducing the incidence of the disease.

The incubation period for typhoid fever is typically between 7 to 21 days. Understanding this time frame is essential for diagnosis and management, as symptoms may not appear immediately after infection.

The primary treatment for amoebic dysentery involves the use of antibiotics to eliminate the Entamoeba histolytica protozoan. Proper sanitation and hygiene are crucial to prevent reinfection and spread, especially in areas where the disease is common.

Non-infectious diseases can include those caused by nutrient deficiencies, such as scurvy or kwashiorkor. These conditions arise from inadequate intake of essential nutrients and require dietary interventions for prevention and treatment.

Filariasis is caused by filarial worms and is transmitted through mosquito bites. It can lead to severe swelling and other complications. Preventive measures include mosquito control and proper sanitation to reduce transmission risks.

Viruses are distinct in that they cannot reproduce outside of a host cell, relying on the host's cellular machinery to replicate. This fundamental difference highlights the challenges in treating viral infections compared to bacterial infections, which can often be treated with antibiotics.

The incubation period for HIV/AIDS can exceed 10-12 years, during which an individual may remain asymptomatic while the virus gradually weakens the immune system. This is a critical factor in the management and treatment of HIV, highlighting the importance of early testing and preventive measures.

The incubation period for cholera can range from a few hours to 6 days, during which the individual may not show symptoms. Prompt treatment is vital since cholera can lead to severe dehydration rapidly, emphasizing the importance of recognizing symptoms early.

Diabetes is a non-communicable disease, meaning it cannot be spread from person to person. Unlike infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera, which are caused by pathogens and can be transmitted, non-communicable diseases often result from lifestyle choices or genetic predispositions.

Malaria is not a bacterial disease; it is caused by protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium genus. In contrast, cholera, tuberculosis, and typhoid are caused by specific bacteria, highlighting the diversity of pathogens responsible for infectious diseases.