Test: Diseases of Lens - 4 - NEET PG MCQ

Following cataract surgery, the most prevalent long-term complication is the development of a posterior capsule opacification.

The most frequent form of congenital cataract leading to a reduction in vision is the Zonular cataract.

Nuclear cataracts are more prevalent than cortical cataracts.

Myotonic dystrophy and atopic dermatitis are factors that lead to presenile cataract.

If Galactosemia arises from GPUT (Galactose phospho uridyl–transferase), it results in Oil Droplet cataract. Conversely, if it is due to a deficiency in Galactokinase, it leads to lamellar cataract.

The diameter of the lens being 9–10 mm smaller than 9 mm is referred to as Microphakia.

Lens fibres continue to develop over a person's lifetime.

One contributing factor to complex cataracts is retinal disorders. Features such as retinal degenerations and other alterations in the fundus are characteristic of pathological myopia, yet are not associated with hypermetropia.

The refractive index reaches its peak at the centre of the lens, where the nucleus is denser in comparison to the cortex.

Endophytic retinoblastoma, which extends into the vitreous, can result in the dislocation of the lens.

Other issues include corneal decompensation and uveitis.

Nuclear sclerosis results in a higher refractive index, which in turn causes lenticular myopia. This phenomenon is often referred to as the “second sight of old age.”

Pathological myopia can lead to complications such as PSC and the early onset of nuclear sclerosis. Additionally, these individuals have an increased likelihood of developing POAG.

In pseudoexfoliation syndrome, the suspensory ligaments are compromised, leading to an increased risk of subluxation.

Christmas tree cataract is a type of presenile cataract that occurs in individuals with myotonic dystrophy.

An aphakic eye exhibits a pronounced anterior chamber and displays iridodonesis, which refers to the tremor of the iris caused by the absence of support from the lens. Additionally, as his vision is rectified by a high convex lens, the diagnosis is aphakia.

• Iridodonesis.
• Varying depth of the anterior chamber.
• Phacodonesis.
• Herniation of the vitreous into the anterior chamber, resulting in pupillary block glaucoma.
• Monocular diplopia.
• Uveitis if the lens is displaced posteriorly.

The explanation regarding the opacities supports the notion of lamellar cataract, and the description of the wheel-like arrangement is a conventional portrayal of Riders. These aspects represent the distinct characteristics of lamellar cataract.

A diabetic patient presenting with the following signs and symptoms, merely two days post-surgery, suggests that the most probable diagnosis is endophthalmitis. The key indicator supporting this diagnosis is the presence of a grey-white reflex. Although the occurrence of infection in phacoemulsification is relatively low, the fact that the patient is diabetic increases the risk significantly.

• CRYA
• CRYB
• CRYG

• Cx43
• Cx46
• Cx50

• Cataract formation is associated with a reduction in soluble proteins.
• It also involves an increase in insoluble proteins.

Glutathione is crucial for safeguarding the lens against oxidative harm.

Systemic steroids are most frequently associated with cataracts, specifically posterior subcapsular cataracts, while topical steroids are more likely to result in open-angle glaucoma.

Congenital cataracts should be treated without delay to avert amblyopia. This is due to the fact that the development of foveal reflexes is finalised within 5–6 months of age.

Cogan Reese syndrome is a type of irido-corneoendothelial syndrome that leads to secondary glaucoma.