VITEEE Biology Test - 8 - JEE MCQ

Small branches of the renal artery give rise to afferent arterioles (afferent means to carry toward). An afferent arteriole conducts blood into the capillaries that make up each glomerulus. 

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences, assuming a large population size, random mating, no mutation, no migration, and no selection.

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master endocrine gland" because it secretes hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands, thereby playing a crucial role in the endocrine system.

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the packaging and modification of proteins. Proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are modified, sorted, and packaged into vesicles for transport to their destination within or outside the cell.

Line in NCERT: "The golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell."

Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, and are primarily made up of B cells and T cells. B cells are mainly found in the outer cortex where they are clustered together as follicular B cells in lymphoid follicles, and T cells and dendritic cells are mainly found in the paracortex

Lyases enzyme catalyses breakdown without addition of water.
Isomerase enzyme catalyses the conversion of an aldose sugar to a ketose sugar.
Oxidoreductase enzyme catalyses the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another molecule.
Ligases enzyme catalyses the bonding of two RNA molecules.

Diagram showing inflammation in one of the lower limbs due to elephantiasis
Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi), the filarial worms cause a slowly developing chronic inflammation of the organs in which they live for many years, usually the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs and the disease is called elephantiasis or filariasis. The genital organs are also often affected, resulting in gross deformities. The pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person through the bite by the female mosquito vectors

The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of hyperglycemic hormones like adrenaline. These hormones helps in the breakdown of glycogen form glucose by a process called glycogenolysis and hence increases the level of glucose in the blood.

Association between roots of higher plants, e.g., pine, birch and fungal hyphae is called mycorrhiza. It exhibits the phenomenon of symbiosis. Here both the organisms in association are mutually benefitted. In this, fungal hyphae take nutrition from the plant and in return increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals for the plant.

Cardiac muscle resists fatigue so well because it's got more mitochondria than skeletal muscle. With so many power plants at its disposal, the heart doesn't need to stop and chill out. It also has a steady supply of blood bringing it oxygen and nutrients.

Posterior pituitary releases vasopressin which stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal tubules in nephron.

Fibrous joints do not allow any movement. These joints are found where bones fuse end-to-end with dense fibrous connective tissue, such as in the sutures of the skull. This immobility is crucial for protecting the brain and providing a rigid structure for the attachment of facial muscles.

Line in NCERT: "Fibrous joints do not allow any movement."

Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant. The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNA’s being complementary to each other formed a double stranded (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi and thus, silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode

There will be more absorption of water which leads to increase in blood pressure and ANF is responsible for decreasing BP as it is also mentioned in question.

Prophase is the longest phase of mitosis. This phase separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Topic “Meiosis I” of chapter "Cell cycle and Cell division" of NCERT

Correct Answer:

b) The proteins that are present on the surface of the plasma membrane are called integral proteins

MCQ Solution:

• a) Correct: The plasma membrane is made of lipids and proteins.
• b) Incorrect: Surface proteins are peripheral, not integral.
• c) Correct: The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer.
• d) Correct: Lipids with hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends are indeed amphipathic.

Thus, the incorrect statement is b).

Natural selection is the primary mechanism by which antibiotic resistance spreads through bacterial populations. Bacteria with mutations that confer resistance to antibiotics are more likely to survive and reproduce in the presence of antibiotics, spreading the resistance genes through the population.

The spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis is crucial for ensuring that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle fibers from both poles before the cell proceeds to anaphase. This checkpoint prevents the unequal distribution of chromosomes to the daughter cells, which could lead to genetic disorders. It is a critical mechanism for maintaining genetic stability during cell division.

Anterior lobe of pituitary secretes follicle stimulating hormones, growth hormone and luteinizing hormone.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of a species into many new species, each adapted to exploit different ecological niches. This process can lead to a significant increase in biodiversity over relatively short evolutionary timescales.

Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable membrane and allows only those particles that protect the cell. Movement of air and water takes place through diffusion and osmosis respectively. Osmosis and diffusion are examples of passive transport. Active transport takes place through use of energy.

Topic in NCERT: Transport Mechanisms in Cells

Line in NCERT: Many molecules can move briefly across the membrane without any requirement of energy and this is called the passive transport. Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by the process of simple diffusion along the concentration gradient, i.e., from higher concentration to the lower. Water may also move across this membrane from higher to lower concentration. Movement of water by diffusion is called osmosis.

A megasporangium is a minute structure attached to the placenta with the help of a stalk known as a funicle. A megasporangium is also usually known as the ovule. The ovule attaches with the funicle in a region called the hilum. Each ovule may be covered by a couple of envelopes known as integuments that surround the ovule from all around except at its tip. The opening at the tip of the ovule is called the micropyle. The end where micropyle is present is the micropylar end. Opposite to the micropylar end is a structure known as a chalaza. It represents the basal end of the ovule. The protective integuments enclose a mass of cells called nucellus. The cells of the nucellus have abundant nourishment materials. The nucellus covers the embryo sac or the female gametophyte. A meiotic division in the megaspore mother cell generally gives rise to four haploid megaspores, out of which a single functional megaspore matures into an embryo sac inside the ovule.

Altemaria belongs to class - Deuteromycetes, which lack sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction takes place by canidia produced on conidiophores.

Cells spend most of their time in Interphase, which is the phase between two successive M phases (mitotic phases). Interphase is characterized by cell growth, DNA replication (during the S phase), and preparation for cell division. It is the longest phase of the cell cycle, allowing cells to perform their normal functions and prepare adequately for division.

"Mollusca" because different types of molluscs show different types of adaptation to survive in the world. For example - Snail, which has a hard shell to bury in the sand.

Both statements are correct.

The primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is protein synthesis. The RER is studded with ribosomes, which are sites of protein synthesis. Newly synthesized proteins are threaded into the RER where they can be modified and folded properly.

Hyoid is a horseshoe-shaped (or U shaped) bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra (C₃) behind. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx helow, and the epiglottis andpharynx behind. The hyoid hone helps in tongue movement and swallowing.

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve describes the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at different partial pressures of oxygen. It is a sigmoid curve that illustrates how hemoglobin's oxygen-binding capacity changes with the oxygen levels in the environment, ensuring efficient oxygen delivery to tissues.

Artery is a blood vessel which receives blood from heart, has elastic thick wall showing jerky movements due to pumping activity of heart. Vein is a blood vessel which carries blood towards the heart, has wider lumen with internal valves where blood flows smoothly and slowly. Note: Blood capillary is a very fine blood vessel which has a single layered wall. Pulmonary veins are the only veins which carry oxygenated blood. (PO₂ = 95 mmHg, PCO₂ = 40mmHg)