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Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - UPSC MCQ


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25 Questions MCQ Test Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 for UPSC 2024 is part of Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly preparation. The Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 below.
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Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 1

Which of the following rules are followed while naming tropical cyclones?

  1. The name should be neutral to politics and religious believes.
  2. The name should not hurt the sentiments of any group of population over the globe.
  3. The name should be short and easy to pronounce.
  4. The maximum length of the name will be six letters.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 1

Statement 4 is incorrect.

Worldwide, there are six regional specialised meteorological centres (RSMCs) and five regional Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs) mandated for issuing advisories and naming of tropical cyclones.

IMD is one of the six RSMCs to provide tropical cyclone and storm surge advisories to 13 member countries under the WMO/Economic and Social Commission for Asia-Pacific (ESCAP) Panel including Bangladesh, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

RSMC, New Delhi is also mandated to name the Tropical Cyclones developing over the north Indian Ocean (NIO), including the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS).

So, the tropical cyclones forming over different Ocean basins are named by the concerned RSMCs & TCWCs.

Some rules are to be followed while naming cyclones, such as:

  • The proposed name should be neutral to (a) politics and political figures (b) religious believes, (c) cultures and (d) gender
  • Name should be chosen in such a way that it does not hurt the sentiments of any group of population over the globe
  • It should not be very rude and cruel in nature
  • It should be short, easy to pronounce and should not be offensive to any member
  • The maximum length of the name will be eight letters
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 2

The Fujiwhara Effect is a geographical phenomenon that is associated with 

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 2

The Fujiwhara Effect is any interaction between tropical storms formed around the same time in the same ocean region with their centres or eyes at a distance of less than 1,400 km, with intensity that could vary between a depression (wind speed under 63 km per hour) and a super typhoon (wind speed over 209 km per hour).

The interaction could lead to changes in the track and intensity of either or both storms systems. In rare cases, the two systems could merge, especially when they are of similar size and intensity, to form a bigger storm.

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Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 3

Consider the following statements regarding Biological Diversity Heritage Sites (BHSs).

  1. Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) are areas that are unique, ecologically fragile ecosystems having rich biodiversity comprising species richness, high endemism, presence of rare, endemic and threatened species.
  2. A site is declared as Biological Diversity Heritage Site as per the provisions of Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
  3. The Central Government in consultation with State Governments declare Biodiversity Heritage Sites.
  4. BHS declaration marks the voluntary participation of communities in protection and conservation of biodiversity.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 3

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Biodiversity Heritage Sites (BHS) are areas that are unique, ecologically fragile ecosystems having rich biodiversity comprising of any one or more of the components such as; species richness, high endemism, presence of rare, endemic and threatened species, keystone species, species of evolutionary significance, wild ancestors of domestic/cultivated species or land races or their varieties, past pre-eminence of biological components represented by fossil beds and having cultural or aesthetic values.

BHS declaration marks the voluntary participation of communities in protection and conservation of biodiversity which helps in expanding the reach of conservation.

Section 37 of the Biological Diversity Act:

  • As per this section, the State Governments are empowered to notify in the official gazette, in consultation with ‘local bodies’, areas of biodiversity importance as Biodiversity Heritage Sites.
  • Under sub section (2) of Section 37 of the BD Act, the State Government in consultation with the Central Government may frame rules for the management and conservation of BHS.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 4

Consider the following statements regarding Tropical cyclones.

  1. Tropical cyclones develop when thunderstorm activity starts building close to the centre of circulation.
  2. The cyclone gets most of its energy from the latent heat released when water vapour that has evaporated from warm ocean waters condenses into liquid water.
  3. Warm fronts or cold fronts are mainly associated with tropical cyclones.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 4

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Tropical cyclones are those which develop in the regions between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. They are the most devastating storms on Earth. Such cyclones develop when “thunderstorm activity starts building close to the centre of circulation, and the strongest winds and rain are no longer in a band far from the centre”. The core of the storm turns warm, and the cyclone gets most of its energy from the “latent heat” released when water vapour that has evaporated from warm ocean waters condenses into liquid water. Moreover, warm fronts or cold fronts aren’t associated with tropical cyclones.

Tropical cyclones have different names depending on their location and strength. For instance, they are known as hurricanes in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Atlantic Ocean and the eastern and central North Pacific Ocean. In the western North Pacific, they are called typhoons.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 5

Which of the following schemes are implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare?

  1. Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF).
  2. Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH).
  3. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY).
  4. National Food Security Act.

How many of the above options are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 5
  • Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF), Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure Scheme (AMI), Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), and Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
  • Schemes of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries: Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises Scheme (PMFME), and Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY).
  • Schemes of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution: allocation of food grains under the National Food Security Act, and Procurement operations at Minimum Support Price.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 6

Consider the following statements regarding Cost to Company (CTC).

  1. Cost to Company (CTC) is a company’s spending on hiring and sustaining the services of an employee.
  2. Usually the take-home salary of an employee will be higher than the CTC.
  3. CTC is lower for contract employment when compared to permanent employment.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 6
  • Cost to company (CTC) indicates the total amount of expenses a company (organisation) spends on an employee during one year. It is calculated by adding salary to the cost of all additional benefits an employee receives during the service period.
  • To put it in simpler terms, CTC is a company’s spending on hiring and sustaining the services of an employee.
  • The CTC can include many elements in addition to salary/wages, such as health care, pension and allowances for housing, travel and entertainment.
  • Apparently, the cost to the company (CTC) is lower for contract employment when compared to permanent employment.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 7

In India, which of the following agencies are involved in food grain management?

  1. Food Corporation of India (FCI)
  2. Central Warehouse Corporation
  3. Warehouse Development Regulatory Authority
  4. Railways
  5. Civil supply departments of states

How many of the above options are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 7

At present, multiple government agencies, like the Food Corporation of India (FCI), Central Warehouse Corporation, Warehouse Development Regulatory Authority, Railways, and the civil supply departments of states are involved in grain management.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 8

Consider the following statements regarding Chikungunya.

  1. Chikungunya was first discovered in Tanzania in the 1950s.
  2. Tropical regions currently see the highest rates of the chikungunya virus.
  3. Asian tiger mosquito also transmits the chikungunya virus.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 8
  • First discovered in Tanzania in the 1950s, the viral disease has since spread to various parts of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and South America.
  • Tropical regions currently see the highest rates of the virus, with Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Thailand most affected. However, climate change is driving disease-carrying mosquitos closer to the poles.
  • The Asian tiger mosquito, which transmits the virus, is spreading more and more. This mosquito species is already native to southern Europe, and it is becoming increasingly common in Germany.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 9

Consider the following statements:

1. All transgenic organisms are Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs), but not all GMOs are transgenic.

2. In India, only Cotton is currently commercially cultivated as a GM crop.

3. The regulation of all activities related to GMOs and products are regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. How many of the statements given above are not correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 9

Correct Answer: B
Explanation
Transgenic Crops:

  • About:
    • Transgenic crops are plants that have been modified through genetic engineering
    • techniques. These crops have had specific genes inserted into their DNA to give them new characteristics or traits that are not naturally found in the species through traditional breeding methods.
  • GMO vs Transgenic Organisms:
    • Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) and transgenic organism are two terms that are used interchangeably.
    • However, there is a slight difference between GMO and transgenic organism.
    • Although both have altered genomes, a transgenic organism is a GMO containing a DNA  sequence or a gene from a different species. While a GMO is an animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
    • Thus, all transgenic organisms are GMOs, but not all GMOs are transgenic. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

 

  • Status in India:
    • In India, only Cotton is currently commercially cultivated as a GM crop. Trials are
      underway for other crops like brinjal, tomato, maize, and chickpea using transgenic
      technology. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
    • The GEAC approved the environmental release of GM mustard hybrid DMH-11, bringing it
      closer to full commercial cultivation.
    • In India, the regulation of all activities related to GMOs and products are regulated by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
    • Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
      However, there is an ongoing legal case in the Supreme Court questioning the permission for transgenic food crops. They seek a stay on GM mustard, citing concerns about farmers using banned herbicides. Previous instances include the GEAC's approval of GM mustard in 2017 with additional tests and the government's indefinite moratorium on GM brinjal in 2010.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 10

Evros River, recently seen in news runs along the border of which country? 

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 10

Evros River, the natural border between Greece and Bulgaria and Turkey.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 11

Which of the following is the longest-serving paramilitary force in India? 

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 11

The Assam Rifles is nicknamed “Sentinels of the North East” and “Friends of the Hill People”. It is the oldest paramilitary force in India, originally raised in 1835 as Cachar Levy, a militia to protect tea gardens and the fertile plains of Assam against unruly tribes.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 12

Consider the following statements.

  1. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a grouping of high-income democratic countries.
  2. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is a grouping of eight Arab nations located around the Arabian Gulf.
  3. At present more than 50% of India’s remittances are from the high-tech Indian migrants in the US, United Kingdom, and Singapore.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 12

Only statement 1 is correct.

Slower growth in OECD economies — especially in the high-tech sector in the United States that could affect the demand for information technology (IT) workers and lead to a diversion of formal remittances toward informal money transfer channels — is likely to impact the flow of remittances this year.

India, which registered a growth of more than 24% to reach a record-high $111 billion in remittances in 2022, is expected to post a growth of just 0.2% in remittance inflows in 2023, according to the World Bank’s latest Migration and Development Brief.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a grouping of 38 high-income democratic countries. A lower demand for migrants in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, a grouping of six Arab nations located around the Arabian Gulf where declining oil prices have dented growth, is another key contributing factor.

Almost 36% of India’s remittances are from the high-skilled and largely high-tech Indian migrants in three high-income destinations — the US, United Kingdom, and Singapore. 

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 13

Consider the following statements regarding Chikungunya.

  1. Chikungunya was first discovered in Tanzania in the 1950s.
  2. Tropical regions currently see the highest rates of the chikungunya virus.
  3. Asian tiger mosquito also transmits the chikungunya virus.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 13
  • First discovered in Tanzania in the 1950s, the viral disease has since spread to various parts of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and South America.
  • Tropical regions currently see the highest rates of the virus, with Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Thailand most affected. However, climate change is driving disease-carrying mosquitos closer to the poles.
  • The Asian tiger mosquito, which transmits the virus, is spreading more and more. This mosquito species is already native to southern Europe, and it is becoming increasingly common in Germany.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 14

Consider the following statements regarding Computer-generated Imagery (CGI) technology.

  1. It is the process of creating and manipulating images that do not exist in the physical environment.
  2. The images can be either static or dynamic and are utilised in both 2D and 3D movies.
  3. It can be used to generate specific elements of a scene, or even a substantial portion of an entire sequence.
  4. The Baahubali series is a notable example that extensively employed CGI technology.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 14

Computer-generated Imagery (CGI)

In basic terms, Computer-generated Imagery, or CGI, refers to the utilisation of computers to create pictures or characters in film and television. It can also be defined as the process of creating and manipulating images that do not exist in the physical environment for being captured on film or video. These images can be either static or dynamic and are utilised in both 2D and 3D movies.

Due to its increased affordability compared to the past, CGI is now extensively used to generate specific elements of a shot or a scene, or even a substantial portion of an entire sequence.

SS Rajamouli’s Eega and the Baahubali series, S Shankar’s Jeans, Enthiran, and 2.0, and Anubhav Sinha’s Ra One are notable examples of Indian movies that extensively employed CGI.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 15

The month of June is recognised worldwide as the Pride Month, which is associated with 

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 15
  • The month of June, recognised worldwide as the Pride Month, is marked by many events across India to celebrate the LGBTQIA+ community. 
  • A Pride flag essentially represents the pride associated with LGTQIA+ social movements. For centuries people belonging to the community have had to fight for basic rights in countries across the world. The struggle continues in many countries. Uganda, for instance, recently passed a law criminalising the LGBTQIA+ community.
  • In India too, gay sex was decriminalised as recently as 2018. The Pride flag was used by activists, members of the community and allies as a symbol of resistance and acceptance.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 16

Consider the following statements.

  1. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) obligates countries not to impose tariffs beyond bound rates.
  2. Bound rate is the maximum rate of duty (tariff) that can be imposed by the importing country on an imported commodity.
  3. Bound rate agreed for any commodity at WTO is same for all the members of WTO.
  4. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) allows countries to deviate from their trade obligations on grounds of national security.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 16

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Bound rate is the maximum rate of duty (tariff) that can be imposed by the importing country on an imported commodity. Here, each country commits itself to a ceiling on customs duties (tariff) on a certain number of products.

These rates vary from country to country and commodity to commodity. But no country can raise duties above the bound rate it has committed, and the rate of customs duty actually applied may be lower than the bound rate.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) obligates countries not to impose tariffs beyond bound rates.

Article XXI of GATT which allows countries to deviate from their trade obligations on grounds of national security. Specifically, Article XXI(b)(iii) of GATT allows a country to take any action ‘which it considers’ necessary for the protection of its essential security interests taken in time of war or other ‘emergency in international relations’.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 17

Consider the following statements.

  1. Unlike many other natural hazards, cyclones give adequate warning of their arrival.
  2. Cyclones lose their energy very quickly once they cross over to land.
  3. Longer landfall of a cyclone has a great potential to cause destruction.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 17

Unlike many other natural hazards, cyclones give adequate warning of their arrival. In the Indian context, it takes them between four and five days to reach the landmass from the north Indian Ocean, both on the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal sides. If a sufficient number of weather instruments are monitoring them, from the oceans as well as from satellites, everything about the cyclones — speed, intensity, trajectory, associated wind speeds — can be predicted accurately.

Longer landfalls have a greater potential to cause destruction. The most dramatic landfall was in the case of the Odisha supercyclone of 1998, the most devastating cyclone to have hit India in recent decades. That process had continued for nearly 30 hours.

Usually, cyclones lose their energy very quickly once they cross over to land.

“In a way, every cyclone is unique. No two cyclones have the same characteristics.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 18

Both India and United States are party to which of the following?

  1. Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
  2. I2U2 grouping
  3. Chip 4 alliance

How many of the above options are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 18
  • Quadrilateral Security Dialogue gained strategic heft after the four-country grouping, which has Australia and Japan alongside India and the US, was repurposed in 2017, primarily as a counter to China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean rim, and as a forum for redoubling focus on the Indo-Pacific region.
  • The I2U2, a grouping of India, Israel, the US and the United Arab Emirates, is focused on joint investments and new initiatives in water, energy, transportation, space, health, and food security.
  • The US is already pursuing the ‘Chip 4’ alliance initiative with three other top semiconductor makers, Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 19

Consider the following statements.

  1. Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (Cert-In) functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  2. Internet protocol address (IP address) helps law enforcement agencies track down individual users and their accurate location.
  3. A virtual private network (VPN) creates several proxy identities for user’s data and delivers it safely without disturbing the content of the data.

How many of the above options are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 19

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Indian Computer Emergency Response Team or Cert-In, a wing of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

Any and all devices connected to the internet are a part of a large network of computers, servers and other devices spread across the world. To identify each device connected to the internet, service providers globally assign a unique address to each such device called the internet protocol address or IP address. It is this IP address that helps websites, law enforcement agencies and even companies track down individual users and their accurate location.

A virtual private network, when switched on, essentially creates a safe network within the larger global network of the internet and masks the IP address of the user by rerouting the data. Acting as a tunnel, a VPN takes data originating from one server and masks it in a different identity before delivering it to the destination server. In essence, a VPN creates several proxy identities for your data and delivers it safely without disturbing the content of the data.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 20

Consider the following statements regarding judicial inquiry commission.

  1. The central government can constitute a judicial inquiry commission by exercising its powers under the Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952.
  2. It acts as a substitute for a criminal trial before a court of law.
  3. The government has a statutory obligation to publish the report of the commission.

How many of the above options are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 20

Only Statement 1 is correct.

The central government exercising its powers under Section 3 of the Commission of Inquiry Act, 1952, constituted a judicial inquiry commission.

The government (either state or central) does not have a statutory obligation to publish the report of the commission or act on their recommendations. A commission is not a substitute for a criminal trial before a court of law. 

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 21

To revise and strengthen the monetary policy framework in India, RBI choses to target retail inflation because

  1. Wholesale inflation does not generally reflect price movements in all wholesale markets.
  2. Wholesale inflation does not capture price movements in non-commodity producing sectors like services, which constitute close to two-thirds of economic activity in India.
  3. Wholesale Price Index (WPI) often reflect large external shocks and as such, the wholesale inflation rate is often subject to large revisions.

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 21
  • In January 2014, an expert committee of the RBI submitted its report on the ways to revise and strengthen the monetary policy framework in India, it chose to target retail inflation.
  • Firstly, the committee pointed out that wholesale inflation “does not capture price movements in non-commodity producing sectors like services, which constitute close to two-thirds of economic activity in India”. This corresponds to the point made earlier about how WPI and CPI are different.
  • Secondly, it pointed out that wholesale inflation “does not generally reflect price movements in all wholesale markets”. This happens because price quotations for some important commodities such as milk, LPG etc. are taken from retail markets.
  • Thirdly, movements in WPI often reflect large external shocks and as such, the wholesale inflation rate is often subject to large revisions.
Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 22

Consider the following statements.

  1. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the apex technical body charged with evaluating proposals for testing genetically modified (GM) seeds in India.
  2. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) functions under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
  3. At presentcotton and mustard remains the only two transgenic crops that are being commercially cultivated in India.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 22

Only statement 1 is correct.

There is an array of crops — brinjal, tomato, maize, chickpea — in various stages of trials that employ transgenic technology. However, cotton remains the only transgenic crop that is being commercially cultivated in India. After a long hiatus, the GEAC, the apex technical body charged with evaluating proposals for testing genetically modified (GM) seeds, approved the environmental release of Mustard hybrid DMH-11 and its parental lines, during its 147th meeting on 18 October 2022 for seed production and testing. This is one step away from full commercial cultivation.

GEAC is under the Union Environment Ministry.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 23

Consider the following statements regarding mandatory minimum sentencing.

  1. Mandatory minimum sentencing means a quantum of punishment which cannot be reduced below the period fixed.
  2. In India, such sentences are prescribed for sexual offenses under the Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act.
  3. When the legislature has prescribed a minimum sentence without discretion, the same can be reduced by the courts.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 23

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The concept of mandatory minimum sentencing refers to “a sentence which must be imposed without leaving any discretion to the court. It means a quantum of punishment which cannot be reduced below the period fixed,” the Apex court held in its 2016 ruling in ‘Mohd Hashim vs State Of UP And Others’.

Essentially, this predetermines the minimum punishment or sentence for certain offenses which are considered to be more serious than others, with a view to ensure justice and not let the perpetrator of such an offense go unpunished.

No matter what the unique, individual circumstances of the offender or the offense might be, the court must mandatorily award this minimum period of sentencing for the offenses which prescribe it.

A concept that comes primarily from the Canadian and American legal systems; in India, such sentences are prescribed for all sexual offenses under the Prevention of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act except the offense of sexual harassment.

Under Section 8 of the POCSO Act, a punishment of 3-5 years has been prescribed for offenses under Section 7 which deals with offenses of sexual assault against children. However, imposing the minimum punishment in such cases is mandatory.

When the legislature has prescribed a minimum sentence without discretion, the same cannot be reduced by the courts. 

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 24

Champions of the Earth award, that recognizes outstanding environmental leaders from the public and private sectors was established by

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 24

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) established Champions of the Earth in 2005 as an annual awards programme to recognize outstanding environmental leaders from the public and private sectors, and from civil society. The Champions of the Earth award is the UN’s highest environmental honour.

Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 25

Consider the following statements.

  1. The Union Government imposes stock limits on food grains that can be held by traders, wholesalers, retailers, big chain retailers and processors.
  2. Under Open Market Sale Scheme (OMSS), Union Government offload food grains from the central pool to private traders and bulk buyers through e-auction to moderate its prices.
  3. The Food Corporation of India is entrusted with the responsibility to ensure food grains are accessible at reasonable prices to the vulnerable sections of society under the Public Distribution System.

How many of the above statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: June 2023 Weekly Current Affair - 3 - Question 25
  • On June 12, in a move endeavouring to manage the “overall food security and to prevent hoarding and unscrupulous speculation”, the Union Government imposed limits on stock of wheat that can be held by traders, wholesalers, retailers, big chain retailers and processors. The objective here is to stabilise the price of the essential commodity by steadying supply.
  • The government has also decided to offload 15 lakh tonnes of wheat from the central pool via the Open Market Sale Scheme (OMSS) to flour mills, private traders, bulk buyers, manufacturers of wheat products through e-auction. The idea is to control retail prices of wheat. The Food Secretary also announced that the government would offload rice under OMSS to moderate its prices.
  • The Food Corporation of India is entrusted with the responsibility to ensure food grains are accessible at reasonable prices to the vulnerable sections of society under the Public Distribution System. 
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