NTSE Test: Nationalism In India - Class 10 MCQ

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is A. Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das. The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das as a response to the British government's policies and to participate in the legislative councils established by the Government of India Act of 1919.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• B. Subhas Chandra Bose and Sardar Patel: This option is incorrect as neither Subhas Chandra Bose nor Sardar Patel were involved in the formation of the Swaraj Party. Bose was more aligned with radical approaches, while Patel was focused on other aspects of the freedom struggle.
• C. Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad: This option is incorrect because Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad did not form the Swaraj Party. Nehru was involved in the Congress and later became a prominent leader, but he was not part of the Swaraj Party's formation.
• D. Motilal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad: While Motilal Nehru was indeed one of the founders of the Swaraj Party, Rajendra Prasad was not involved in its establishment. He was more focused on other organisational roles within the Indian National Congress.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The first image of Bharat Mata was painted by Abanindranath Tagore. He created this iconic representation during the Swadeshi movement, portraying Bharat Mata as a calm and divine figure, symbolising the spirit of nationalism in India.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Rabindranath Tagore: While he was a prominent figure in Indian literature and nationalism, he did not paint the first image of Bharat Mata.
• Ravi Varma: Known for his artistic contributions, Ravi Varma painted many subjects from Indian mythology, but he is not credited with the first image of Bharat Mata.
• Nandalal Bose: Although he was an influential artist and associated with the nationalist movement, he did not create the first image of Bharat Mata.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is C. The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, allowed the British government to arrest and detain individuals without trial for up to two years. This provision was seen as a severe infringement on civil liberties and was a primary reason for widespread opposition among Indians.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A. It introduced the Salt Law. - This statement is incorrect as the Salt Law was introduced later during the Salt March in 1930, not as part of the Rowlatt Act.
• B. It increased taxes on land. - While taxation was a significant issue, the Rowlatt Act itself did not specifically increase land taxes; it focused on repressive measures against political dissent.
• D. It put a ban on the Congress party. - This is inaccurate; the Rowlatt Act did not ban the Congress party, although it did lead to increased tensions between the British authorities and Indian nationalists.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The term Khalifa refers to the spiritual leader of the Muslims, often considered a successor to the Prophet Muhammad in leading the Muslim community. This role encompasses both religious and political authority.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Option A: Sultan of a Muslim country - While a Sultan is a ruler of a Muslim country, the term Khalifa specifically denotes a spiritual leadership role rather than a political one.
• Option C: Nawab of a Muslim state - A Nawab is a title for a Muslim governor or nobleman, which does not align with the religious connotations of the term Khalifa.
• Option D: Badshah of the Mughal period - Badshah refers to a king or emperor, particularly in the context of the Mughal Empire, and does not represent the spiritual leadership implied by Khalifa.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Militant Guerrilla Movement. The tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh launched a militant guerrilla movement in the early 1920s, which was a response to the colonial government's oppressive policies, including restrictions on forest access and forced labour.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Satyagraha Movement: This option refers to a non-violent resistance movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, which is not applicable to the context of the Gudem Hills, where the struggle was militant.
• Non-Violent Movement: Similar to the Satyagraha Movement, this option does not accurately describe the actions taken by the tribal peasants, who engaged in armed resistance rather than non-violent protest.
• None of the above: This option is incorrect because the movement was indeed a specific type of struggle, namely a militant guerrilla movement.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Mahatma Gandhi. He wrote 'Hind Swaraj' in 1909, which outlines his philosophy of self-rule and critiques British colonialism in India.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Abul Kalam Azad: He was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and an important figure in the Congress party, but he did not write 'Hind Swaraj'.
• Sardar Patel: Known as the Iron Man of India, Patel played a crucial role in the integration of India post-independence, but he was not the author of 'Hind Swaraj'.
• Subhash Chandra Bose: A significant leader in the fight against British rule, Bose had his own vision for India's independence, but he did not write 'Hind Swaraj'.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is C: Leave their plantation without permission. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed to leave the tea gardens without prior permission from their employers. This law was designed to control the movement of workers and ensure that they remained on the plantations.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A: Leave their village - This option is incorrect because the act specifically targeted plantation workers and did not universally restrict all peasants from leaving their villages.
• B: Settle in the city - This option is also incorrect as the act did not prevent peasants from settling in cities; it primarily focused on the movement of plantation workers.
• D: Allow the women to leave farmlands without permission - This option is misleading. The act did not specifically address women leaving farmlands, but rather the movement of workers in general.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Anti-colonial movement. The emergence of modern nationalism in India was primarily driven by the struggle against colonial rule. As Indians faced oppression under British colonialism, they began to unite and recognise their shared identity and experiences, which fostered a sense of nationalism.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• New symbols: While new symbols did play a role in fostering nationalism, they were not the prime factor. Symbols emerged as a result of the anti-colonial struggle.
• New ideas: Similar to symbols, new ideas contributed to the nationalist movement but were not the primary catalyst for its emergence.
• Icons: Icons can inspire and unify, but they are secondary to the fundamental anti-colonial sentiments that drove the nationalist movement.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Jan. 1915. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915 after spending over two decades there, where he developed his philosophy of non-violent resistance.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Feb. 1916: This option is incorrect as it suggests a later date than when Gandhi actually returned to India.
• Jan. 1916: This option is also incorrect; Gandhi returned in January 1915, not 1916.
• Feb. 1915: This option is incorrect as it implies a return in February, while the actual return was in January 1915.

Satyagraha is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi, which translates to 'truth force' or 'soul force'. It is a method of non-violent resistance based on the principles of truth and non-violence. The essence of satyagraha lies in the belief that the power of truth can overcome oppression without resorting to physical violence.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is pure soul force. This reflects the fundamental nature of satyagraha as a spiritual and moral force that seeks to achieve social and political change through non-violent means.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Weapon of the weak: While some may view satyagraha as a tactic employed by those without military power, it is fundamentally a strategy of strength derived from moral conviction, not weakness.
• Physical force: Satyagraha explicitly rejects the use of physical force. It is not about inflicting harm but about appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
• Force of arms: This option is contrary to the principles of satyagraha, which advocates for non-violence and peaceful resistance rather than armed conflict.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. He wrote 'Vande Mataram' as a hymn to the motherland in the 1870s, and it was later included in his novel 'Anandamath'. This song became a significant part of the Indian independence movement.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Rabindranath Tagore: While he was a prominent figure in Indian literature and also composed music for 'Vande Mataram', he did not write the original lyrics.
• Abanindranath Tagore: He is known for his painting of Bharat Mata but did not write 'Vande Mataram'.
• Sardar Vallabhai Patel: He was a key leader in the Indian independence movement but had no connection to the writing of 'Vande Mataram'.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is D. The Rowlatt Act authorised the government to imprison individuals without trial, which was a significant infringement on civil liberties and a major reason for widespread opposition among Indians.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A. It was passed hurriedly: While the hurried passage of the Act contributed to its unpopularity, the core issue was its oppressive nature, particularly the lack of due process.
• B. It gave the government enormous powers: This is true, but it is not as specific as option D, which directly addresses the lack of trial.
• C. Local leaders were picked up: This was a consequence of the Act's enforcement, but it does not encapsulate the primary reason for opposition, which was the Act's provisions allowing imprisonment without trial.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Amritsar. The Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy occurred on 13 April 1919, when British troops, under the command of General Dyer, opened fire on a large crowd gathered in Amritsar, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of people.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Lahore: While Lahore was a significant city during the Indian independence movement, the Jallianwala Bagh incident specifically took place in Amritsar.
• Agra: Agra is known for its historical monuments, but it was not the site of the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy.
• Meerut: Meerut was involved in other uprisings and movements, but it is not related to the Jallianwala Bagh incident.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is A. 1919. The Rowlatt Act was indeed passed in 1919, granting the British government in India significant powers to suppress political dissent.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• B. 1917: This option is incorrect as the Rowlatt Act was not passed in 1917; it was introduced two years later.
• C. 1918: This option is also incorrect because the Act was not enacted in 1918; it was specifically in 1919.
• D. 1920: This option is incorrect as well, as the Rowlatt Act was already in effect by 1920, having been passed in 1919.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Baba Ramchandra. He was a prominent leader of the peasant movement during the Non-Cooperation Movement, particularly in the Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh. His leadership was crucial in mobilising peasants against the oppressive practices of landlords and talukdars.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Jawaharlal Nehru: While Nehru was an important figure in the Indian independence movement and did engage with peasants, he did not lead a specific peasant movement during the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• Gandhiji: Mahatma Gandhi was the overall leader of the Non-Cooperation Movement, but he did not lead a specific peasant movement. His role was more about inspiring and guiding the movement as a whole.
• Sardar Patel: Sardar Patel was a key leader in the Indian independence movement and later led the Bardoli Satyagraha, but this was after the Non-Cooperation Movement and not during it.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is 1915. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915 after spending around 21 years there. During his time in South Africa, he developed his philosophy of non-violent resistance, which he later applied in India.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• 1913: This year is incorrect as Gandhi was still in South Africa, actively fighting for the rights of Indian workers.
• 1919: By this time, Gandhi had already returned to India and was involved in the national movement against British rule.
• 1921: This date is also incorrect; Gandhi had returned to India long before this year and was already leading significant movements by 1921.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is A. Detention of political prisoners without trial. The Rowlatt Act, passed in 1919, allowed the British government in India to arrest and detain individuals without trial, which was a significant infringement on civil liberties and sparked widespread protests.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• B. Forced recruitment in the army: This option refers to a separate issue related to the recruitment of Indian soldiers during World War I, which was not a provision of the Rowlatt Act.
• C. Forced manual labour: While forced labour was a practice under colonial rule, it was not specifically a provision of the Rowlatt Act.
• D. Equal pay for equal work: This option is unrelated to the Rowlatt Act, which did not address pay equity or labour rights.

In his book Hind Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and had survived only because of this cooperation. Therefore, the correct answer is B: British ruled India because Indians cooperated with them.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A: The statement that British ruled India because the latter was militarily weak is misleading. While military strength was a factor, Gandhi emphasised the role of Indian cooperation in sustaining British rule.
• C: The claim that British ruled India because they got international support is not accurate in the context of Gandhi's arguments. He focused on the internal dynamics of Indian society rather than external support.
• D: This option is incorrect as it does not reflect Gandhi's views expressed in Hind Swaraj. He clearly articulated the reasons for British rule based on Indian cooperation.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The term picket refers to a form of demonstration or protest by which people block the entrance to a shop, factory, or office. This aligns with option C, which accurately describes the action of picketing.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Option A: Stealing from shops is not related to the concept of picketing, which is a peaceful form of protest.
• Option B: The import of goods does not relate to picketing, as picketing specifically involves blocking access rather than the act of importing.
• Option D: A boycott of clothes and goods refers to the refusal to purchase certain items, which is different from the act of picketing.

Baba Ramchandra was the main leader of Peasant movement in Awadh during the Non-Cooperation Movement

Our  constitution  prohibits  forced  labour  or  begar  in  any  form.  It  is  a  practice  where  the  worker  is  forced  to  render  services  to  the  merchant  free  of   cost  or  in  exchange  of  nominal  amount.

After hearing about the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities,left the plantation and started moving towards their homes.

The Simon Commission faced significant opposition due to its lack of Indian representation. Key points include:

• The Commission was established by the British government in 1927.
• Its purpose was to assess the functioning of the Indian constitution.
• Critics argued that having no Indian members made it illegitimate.
• Upon its arrival in India in 1928, it was met with protests, including the slogan 'Go back Simon'.
• All major political parties, such as the Congress and the Muslim League, joined the demonstrations.

This widespread discontent highlighted the growing demand for Indian participation in governance.

The correct answer is Sabarmati. Gandhi's ashram was located in Sabarmati, which is in Gujarat, India. This ashram served as a base for many of his activities during the Indian independence movement.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Dandi: While Dandi is significant for Gandhi's Salt March, it is not the location of his ashram.
• Allahabad: This city is not associated with Gandhi's ashram; it is known for other historical events related to Indian independence.
• Nagpur: Nagpur does not have a direct connection to Gandhi's ashram or his major activities.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Khilafat and Swaraj. The Non-Cooperation Movement was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 as a response to the Khilafat issue and the demand for Swaraj (self-rule). Gandhi aimed to unite Hindus and Muslims under a common cause, which was reflected in the support for both the Khilafat Movement and the demand for Swaraj.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Option A: Khilafat - While the Khilafat Movement was a significant aspect of the Non-Cooperation Movement, it was not the sole focus. The movement also aimed for Swaraj, making this option incomplete.
• Option B: Swaraj - Similar to Option A, Swaraj was a key goal, but the Non-Cooperation Movement was specifically linked to both the Khilafat and Swaraj movements, thus this option is also incomplete.
• Option D: none of these - This option is incorrect as the Non-Cooperation Movement was indeed in support of the Khilafat and Swaraj movements, so stating 'none of these' does not apply.

The correct answer is 1920. The Non-Cooperation programme was adopted by the Congress at the Nagpur session in December 1920. This movement was initiated by Mahatma Gandhi in response to the British government's policies and aimed at promoting self-rule through non-violent means.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• 1935: This year is significant for the Government of India Act, which introduced provincial autonomy, but it is not related to the Non-Cooperation programme.
• 1948: This year is after India's independence and does not pertain to the Non-Cooperation movement, which was a pre-independence initiative.
• 1925: This date does not correspond to any major event related to the Non-Cooperation programme, which was already adopted by 1920.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is D. B.R. Ambedkar. He was instrumental in forming the Depressed Classes Association in 1930 to advocate for the rights of dalits and fight against social discrimination.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A. Mahatma Gandhi: While Gandhi was a prominent leader in the fight against untouchability, he did not organise the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association.
• B. Subhash Chandra Bose: Bose was a significant figure in the Indian independence movement but was not involved in the organisation of the Depressed Classes Association.
• C. Jawaharlal Nehru: Nehru was a key leader in the Congress party and played a role in India's independence, but he did not organise the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is B. Swadeshi Movement. Abanindranath Tagore was inspired to paint the image of Bharat Mata during the Swadeshi Movement, which aimed to promote Indian goods and boycott British products. This movement was significant in the context of Indian nationalism and the quest for independence.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A. Civil Disobedience Movement: While this movement was crucial in the Indian independence struggle, it occurred after Tagore painted Bharat Mata. Therefore, it did not influence his decision to create this particular image.
• C. Quit India Movement: Similar to the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Quit India Movement took place later in 1942, long after Tagore's painting was completed. Thus, it did not motivate Tagore's artistic expression.
• D. All of these: This option is incorrect because only the Swadeshi Movement directly inspired Tagore's painting. The other movements occurred later and were not factors in his decision to create the image.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. He wrote 'Vande Mataram' as a hymn to the motherland in the 1870s, and it was later included in his novel Anandamath. This song became a significant part of the Indian independence movement.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• Rabindranath Tagore: Although he was a prominent figure in Indian literature and composed the national anthem, he did not write 'Vande Mataram'.
• Abanindranath Tagore: He was known for his paintings, including the famous image of Bharat Mata, but he did not write 'Vande Mataram'.
• Sardar Vallabhai Patel: He was a key leader in the Indian independence movement and played a crucial role in unifying the nation, but he was not the author of 'Vande Mataram'.

Explanation of Correct Answer

The correct answer is B: President of the Muslim League, 1930. Sir Muhammad Iqbal served as the president of the All-India Muslim League in 1930, where he advocated for the rights of Muslims in India and is often regarded as a key figure in the intellectual foundation of the demand for Pakistan.

Explanation of Incorrect Options

• A: Congress President - This is incorrect as Sir Muhammad Iqbal was not associated with the Indian National Congress; he was a prominent leader of the Muslim League.
• C: Gandhi's devout disciple - This is incorrect because Iqbal was not a disciple of Gandhi; rather, he had his own distinct vision for the Muslim community in India.
• D: None of these - This is incorrect as option B correctly identifies Iqbal's role as the President of the Muslim League in 1930.