Test: Reshaping India’s Political Map - Class 8 MCQ

The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1192 following the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan by Muhammad Ghori. This event marked the beginning of Turkic-Afghan rule in India, leading to significant political and cultural changes during the medieval period.

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in the 14th century by brothers Harihara and Bukka, who broke away from the control of the Delhi Sultanate. Their establishment of an independent kingdom marked a significant point in southern Indian history.

The Lodis were the last dynasty to rule during the Delhi Sultanate. Their reign was characterized by a decline in central authority and increased resistance from emerging regional powers, which eventually led to the Sultanate's collapse.

The Sikh community evolved into a martial force largely in response to Mughal persecution, especially during the reign of Emperor Jahangir, who executed Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru. This act galvanized the Sikhs under Guru Hargobind and later leaders to adopt military training and resist oppression.

Akbar is renowned for his policies of religious tolerance, including the abolition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims, which fostered peace among diverse religious communities in his empire. His reign is often regarded as a high point in Mughal India due to its cultural and administrative advancements.

Timur's invasion resulted in significant destruction and chaos in northern India, notably in Delhi, where he caused mass killings and plundered wealth. His actions destabilized the region further and contributed to the decline of the Delhi Sultanate.

The Hoysala dynasty is celebrated for its contributions to culture and temple architecture in southern India, exemplified by structures such as the intricate temples at Belur and Halebidu. Their architectural style is characterized by detailed sculptures and elaborate designs.

Ala-ud-din Khilji is recognized for his aggressive military campaigns that expanded the Delhi Sultanate and for successfully repelling invasions by the Mongols, who sought to incorporate India into their empire. His reign was marked by significant territorial expansion and military strength.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq's policies, including the ill-fated move of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad and the introduction of a token currency system, led to widespread hardship and confusion among his subjects. These drastic changes caused economic instability and were ultimately unsustainable.

The Ahom kingdom achieved a significant victory at the Battle of Saraighat in 1671, where they successfully defeated a much larger Mughal force. This battle highlighted their effective use of local geography and guerrilla tactics, ensuring their continued independence.