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Direction: In the following questions below are given some statements followed by some given conclusions. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer:
Statements:
All men are women.
All women are crazy.
Conclusion:
I. All men are crazy,
II. All the crazy are men.
III. Some of the crazy are men.
IV. Some of the crazy are women.
All men are women.
All women are crazy.
A+A ⇒ A-type of conclusion
"All men are crazy."
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion III is the Converse of it.
Conclusion IV is the Converse of Statement Q.
Hence the correct answer is option C.
If SPARK is coded as TQBSL, what will be the code for FLAME?
Similarly
Hence the correct answer is option A.
How many triangles are there in the following figure?
The triangles are:
∆ABC : ∆ABD : ∆ADC : ∆AFC ∆FDC : ∆AFB : ∆FDB : ∆FBC ∆GBD : ∆ADE : ∆GBE : ∆FDG ∆DBE:
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Direction: In each of the following questions, a series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternatives from the given ones that will complete the series.
9×3+2=29, 29×3+2=89
Similarly,
15×3+3=48, 48×3+3=147
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
6 : 10 : : 11 : ?
Similarly,
11×2-2=20
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
ACEG : SUWY : : BDFH : ?
Similarly
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
Patrol : Security : : Insurance : ?
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
5 : 27 : : 9 : ?
Similarly, 9 × 9 + 2 = 83
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
ABE : 8 : : KLO : ?
Similarly, K+L+O
⇒11 12 15=38
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
ADBC : EHFG : ILJK : ?
Similarly
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the related word/letters/number from the given alternatives.
Sty : Pig : : Byre : ?
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Direction: In each of the following questions, a series is given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternatives from the given ones that will complete the series.
173 (24) 526;
431 (18) 325;
253 (?) 471
4+3+1+3+2+5 = 18
2+5+3+4+7+1 = 22
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Little wooden cubes, each with a side of one inch, are put together to form a solid cube with a side of three inches. This big cube is then painted red all over on the outside. When the big cube is broken up into the original little ones, how many cubes will have paint on two sides?
4 cubes, each of the first and third layers, will have paint on two sides only.
Therefore, the total number of cubes having paint on two sides
=4 ×2=8
Hence the correct answer is option B.
From the given alternative words, select the word which cannot be formed using the letters of the given the word: Given
IMPASSIONABLE
Hence the correct answer is option C.
If HOSPITAL is written as 32574618 in a specific code, how would POSTAL be written in that code?
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Arrange the following words according to the dictionary?
1. Inventory
2. Involuntary
3. Invisible
4. Invariable
5. Investigate
4. Invariable
1. Inventory
5. Investigate
3. Invisible
2. Involuntary
Hence the correct answer is option D.
In the given question, select the answer shape to make questions from pieces of a shape.
Question Figure:
Answer Figure:
Hence the correct answer is option C.
A bus leaves Delhi with half the number of women as men, At Meerut, ten men get down, and five women get in. Now there is an equal number of men and women. How many passengers boarded the bus initially at Delhi?
The number of men = 2x
According to the question,
(2x−10=x5)⇒2x−x=105,x=15
The total number of passengers who boarded the bus initially
=3x=3×15=45
Hence the correct answer is option B.
M is the son of P. Q is the granddaughter of O, the husband of P. How is M related to O?
Therefore, M is the son of O.
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Which number is wrong in the given series?
1, 9, 25, 50, 81
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Find out which of the diagrams given in the alternatives correctly represents the relationship stated in the question. Sharks, Whales, Turtles.
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Which answer figure is the exact mirror image of the given question figure when the mirror is held from the right at PQ?
Question Figure:
Answer Figure:
The correct answer figure is (c).
Find out a set of numbers amongst the four sets of numbers given in the alternatives, similar to the numbers shown in the question.
Given: (6, 30, 90)
Hence the correct answer is option D.
K is a place which is located 2 km away in the northwest direction from the capital P, R is another placer that is located 2 km away in the south-west direction from K. M is another place, and that is located 2 km away in the north-west direction from R. T is yet another place that is located 2 km away in the South-west direction from M. In which direction is T located in relation to P?
T is located to the West of P.
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the one different from the other three.
(a) ABJNM
(b) QRTUZ
(c) IXYOQ
(d) WFGOP
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the one different from the other three.
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) H
(d) D
X=24,Y=25,H=8,D=4
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the one different from the other three.
(a) Wave
(b) Current
(c) Tide
(d) Storm
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the one different from the other three.
(a) 25, 36
(b) 144, 169
(c) 100, 121
(d) 9, 64
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the one different from the other three.
(a) ZKXJ
(b) CMAL
(c) TGRF
(d) FRTK
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Direction: In each of the following questions, select the one different from the other three.
(a) Heat
(b) Light
(c) Bulb
(d) Electricity
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Ashok's mother was 3 times as old as Ashok 5 years ago. After 5 years, she will be twice as old as Ashok. How old is Ashok today?
5 years ago (3(x−5)=(y−5))⇒3x−15=y−5⇒3x−y=10−(i)
5 years hence, 2(x5)=(y5)2x10=y5⇒2x−y=−5-(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), x=15
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Arrange the following in the meaningful/logical order :
1. Exhaust
2. Night
3. Day
4. Sleep
5. Work
(3.Day→5.Work→1.Exhaust→2.Night→4.Sleep)
Hence the correct answer is option C.
In a row of boys. Srinath is 7th from the left, and Venkat is 12th from the right. If they interchange their positions, Srinath becomes 22nd from the left. How many boys are there in the row?
Total number of boys in the row
= 22+12-1
= 33
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Only one meaningful word can be formed by rearranging the letters of the given Jumbled word. Find out that word.
Given Word : MUSPOPAPOTIH
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Direction: Given below is a statement followed by 2/3 Assumptions. An assumption is not written directly but can be considered implicit understanding before writing any text, document, or writing. Choose the implicit assumption in the following question:
Statement:
Politicians become rich by the votes of the people.
Assumptions:
I. People vote to make politicians rich.
II. Politicians become rich by their virtue.
Hence the correct answer is option D.
After interchanging + to × and × to ÷, 12 and 18, which one of the following equations becomes correct?
Hence the correct answer is option D.
The following question ∆ stands for any of the mathematical signs at different places, which are given as choices under each question. Select the choice with the correct sequence of signs, which makes the question a correct equation.
24∆ 4 ∆ 5 ∆ 4
Option (c): 24=45×4⇒24=420
Both Options (b) and (c) are correct.
Hence the correct answer is option D.
From the given answer figures, select the one in which the question figure is hidden/embedded in the same direction.
Question Figure:
Answer Figure:
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Find the next two letters in the given series.
B, C, E, H, L, ??
Hence the correct answer is option C.
Find out the correct answer for the unsolved equation on the basis of the given equations. if
6 X 5 = 91;
8 X 7 = 169
10 x 7 = 211
then 11 x 10 = ?
56 X 3+1=169,10 X 7=70,70 X 3+1=211
similarly, ,11 X 10=110,110 X 3+1=331
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Which one number is wrong in the given series?
126, 98, 70, 41, 14
Therefore the number 41 is wrong in the series.
Direction: What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
8, 24, 12, ?, 18, 54
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Direction: What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
AGMSY, CIOUA, EKGWC, ?, IOUAG, KQWCI
Hence the correct answer is option A.
Direction: What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, ?
4+7 = 11; 7+11 =18;
11+18 = 29; 18+29 =47
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Direction: What will come in place of the question mark (?) in the following number series?
975, 864, 753, 642, ?
Hence the correct answer is option C.
A child is looking for his father. He went 90 meters in the east before turning to his right. He went 20 meters before turning to his right again to look for his father at his uncle's place 30 meters from this point. His father was not there. From here, he went 100 meters to his north before meeting his father in the street. How far did the son meet his father from the starting point?
Hence the correct answer is option B.
Which one set of letters, when sequentially placed at the gaps in the given letter series, shall complete it?
a_b_a__n_bb_abbn
Hence the correct answer is option B.
If the day before yesterday was Sunday, what day will it be three days after the day after tomorrow?
Therefore, today is Tuesday.
The day after tomorrow will be Thursday.
Thursday + 3 = Sunday
Hence the correct answer is option A.
In a classroom, there are 5 rows, and 5 children A, B, C, D, and E are seated one behind the other in 5 separate rows as follows: A is sitting behind C, but in front of B. C is sitting behind E. D is sitting in front of E. The order in which they are sitting from the first row to the last is
Hence the correct answer is option A.
An aspect of input/output controller of data logic is called.
The device used to convert solar energy into electricity is-
Which river serves the longest cultivable area-
Hence the correct answer is option D.
Net national product at market prices - (direct taxes -subsidies) = ?
G = Government spending. NX = net exports (exports minus imports) = (X – M)
The Hutti gold are located in the state of-
Capital of the Union territory"Anandman Nicobar" is -
How many times national emergency has been declared in India.
Poisoning of drinking water is caused due to presence of-
Identify the most infertile amongst the following soils.
Hence the correct answer is option B.
In our country, The "Van Mahotsav" Day is observed.
Chief Justice of supreme-court is appointed by-
The national song was translated in English by-
Which is the longest rail tunnel in India?
The language spoken by the people by Pakistan is?
Kalapani border dispute between Indian and which country?
The British Government intervened in the affairs of the company and passed an act in 1773 A.D. known as the-
The type of Kidney present in a frog are-
A magnetron value is used to produce ...........
How many players are there in Kabbadi?
The 'Adopt a heritage scheme' scheme' of the ministry of tourism was launched on-
According to the Modern Theory of Rent, rent accrues to-
Groundnut is cultivated in northern Indian states during the..........cropping season.
Which one of the following is an egg-laying mammal-
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
In galvanization, iron is coated with-
Which among the following is an abiotic factor?
Sher Shah defeated Humayun and captured Gaur in the battle of-
The moderator used in a nuclear reactor is-
The 2016 summer Olympics were held in-
When was "Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana" launched?
Which city is known for its chicken embroidery-
Who is the present governor of Assam-
Hence, the correct option is (a).
The number of subjects incorporated in the union list is-
The apparatus used to test the acidity of the aqueous solution is?
Who among the following has won the Nobel prize 2017 in literature?
Which family owns the Hero group of companies in India?
The fundamental problem studied in Macroeconomics is-
Fleming's good hard rule is used to find the direction of the.
Which of the following elements has the highest atomic radius?
Who built the Kailashnath Temple at Ellora?
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
In the global innovation index 2017, India has been placed at the ran.
With storage, the strength of cement:
Due to the hygroscopic nature of cement, it quickly absorbs moisture from the atmosphere.
This moisture or dampness is the main hazard for cement, making it hard like stone, and it converts it to a useless material not suitable for construction.
Storage of cement requires more care as the strength of cement decreases with time.
Storage of cement should be done so that it is not exposed to the atmosphere, which can be done by packing in air-tight bags.
For storage guidelines, rules are mentioned in IS 4082:1996
Which of the following defect arise due to seasoning of timber?
Bow: Curvature of wood in the direction of its length is known as Bow.
Cup: Curvature in the transverse direction of timber is known as a cup.
Twist: It is the spiral distortion in the direction of timber.
Spring: Curvature of the timber in its plane
Note: While Upsets and Rind galls are the defects that arise due to natural forces.
The process of giving a proper size, shape, and finish to the roughly broken stones as obtained from the quarry is known as “Dressing of stone.”
The extraction of suitable stones from their natural rock beds or layers is commonly called Quarrying of Stones.
Stones obtained from the quarries are very rough and irregular in shape and quite bulky in size and weight.
The dressing of stone is done immediately after quarrying
Grain size - 0.06 - 2mm
Hardness - variable, soft to hard, dependent on clast and cement composition.
Colour - variable through grey, yellow, red to white reflecting the variation in mineral content and cement.
The hardwood is produced by which of the following trees?
Examples of Deciduous trees are
Oak, Sal, Teak, Babul, Mahogany, Shishum, etc.
Examples of coniferous trees are
Chir, Deodar, Pine, Spruce, Kail (Botanical name - Pinus wallichiana), etc
Wood obtained from coniferous trees is soft, lightweight, weak, and resinous. Hence is of limited engineering application.
Wood obtained from deciduous trees are complex, substantial, heavyweight, and not resinous. Hence it is suitable for engineering applications.
One of the following is not a type of stairs. Mark the same,
Types of stairs:
i) Straight
ii) Turning
iii) Continuous
Turning stairs are sub-classified as:
a) Quarter-turn stair
b) Half turn stair or dog-legged stair
c) Three quarter turn stairs
d) Bifurcated stairs
Match List-I (material Characteristics) with List-II (Property of Concrete) and select the correct answer:
List I
A. Water-cement ratio
B. Water content
C. Minimum cement content
D. Segregation
List II
1. Durability
2. Compressive strength
3. Stability of mix
4. Workability
Which of the following is examined to determine the age of timber?
The age of the timbers is determined by “Annual Rings.”
Sapwood →is the outer annual ring between heartwood and cambium layers.
Pith → innermost central portion or core of the tree.
Which of the following characteristics is the same for both ordinary Portland cement and rapid hardening cement:
Flash set of ordinary Portland cement paste is ______.
A large amount of heat is produced in the process, and it is the premature hardening of the cement.
Granite, mainly composed of quartz and feldspar particles, is obtained from _____.
When the deposits of efflorescence are more than 10 percent and less than 50 percent of the exposed areas of brick, the presence of efflorescence is classified as:
(a) NIL – When there is no perceptible deposit of efflorescence.
(b) SLIGHT- Not more than 10% area of the brick covered with a thin deposit of salt.
(c) MODERATE- Covering up to 50% area of the brick.
(d) HEAVY- Covering 50% or more but unaccompanied by powdering or flaking the brick surface.
(e) SERIOUS- When there is a heavy deposit of salts accompanied by powdering and flaking of the exposed surfaces.
The ultimate strength of cement is provided by:
i) Tricalcium aluminate
ii) Tricalcium silicate
iii) Dicalcium silicate
The correct answer is
Which of the following constituent gives plasticity to mold bricks in a suitable shape?
Good brick earth should contain about 20% to 30% of alumina.
It is responsible for the plasticity characteristic of the earth, which is essential in a molding operation.
If present in excess, then the raw brick shrink and warps during drying.
Which of the following represents the requirement of valid contracts:
a. It must be in writing
b. can be enforced in a court of law
c. Parties should give the consent for agreement
d. Parties concerned must be competent
1. The agreement consists of an offer and an acceptance of an offer.
2. Something must be bargained for in exchange for a promise.
3. All parties must have the legal ability and capacity to be held to a contract.
4. Both parties must agree to the terms of the contract.
5. Subject of bartering must be legal.
6. The contract must be written out to be adequately enforced in a court of law.
The method used for the valuation of a building is:
There are generally six methods of valuation:
i) Rental Method of Valuation
ii) Direct Comparisons of the capital value
iii) Valuation based on the profit
iv) Valuation based on the cost
v) Development method of Valuation
vi) Depreciation method of Valuation
The work output of a mason for brickwork in cement mortar for foundation work is roughly expected to be:
The following may be taken as the approximate quantity of work or out turn or task for an average artisan per day:
Total depreciation during 10-20 years of a cement concrete structure is:
The brickwork is not measured in m3 in case of:
Brickwork in foundation, plinth, arches, and superstructure are measured in cubic meters.
While Brickwork for thin partition walls is measured in a square meter.
Brick walls are measured in square meters if the thickness of the wall is half brick or as a partition wall.
For one or more than one thick brick wall, brickwork is measured in cubic meters.
Security deposit deducted at 5% from contractors’ bills is:
Defects liability period: A defects liability period is a set period of time after a construction project has been completed during which a contractor has the right to return to the site to remedy defects. A typical defects liability period lasts for 12 months.
What is the density of the mild steel in quintal per cubic meter?
Therefore, one cubic meter of mild steel weighs (7900/100) quintal.
Hence, the density of mild steel is 79 quintal per cubic meter.
Here are some properties of mild steel
Mild Steel
It is low carbon steel
The ultimate tensile strength of Mild Steel – (600 – 800) N/mm2
The ultimate compressive strength – (800 - 1200) N/mm2
The specific gravity of Mild Steel - 7.85 (7.7 - 7.9)
Scrap value of a property may be __________.
Consider the following statements –
1. The size of a theodolite is defined by the diameter of the graduated circle of the lower plate.
2. The process of establishing intermediate points, on a given straight line whose ends are intervisible, is done with a theodolite is called lining in.
3. Removal of parallax may be achieved by refocusing the eyepiece.
4. An imaginary line passing through the optical center of the eyepiece in the telescope of a surveying instrument is called the line of collimation.
Which of the above statement are correct?
2. The process of establishing intermediate points, on a given straight line whose ends are intervisible is done with a theodolite is called lining in.
3. Removal of parallax may be achieved by refocusing the eyepiece and the objective.
4. Line of collimation: It is an imaginary line passing through the intersection of the crosshairs at the diaphragm and the optical center of the object glass and its continuation.
5. Axis of Bubble tube: It is an imaginary line tangential to the longitudinal curve of the bubble tube at its midpoint.
6. Axis of a telescope: This axis is an imaginary passing through the optical center of the object-glass and the optical center of the eye-piece.
Which of the following is not an important factor that needs to be considered while preparing maps?
A map is a two-dimensional representation of the earth surface which uses graphics to convey geographical information
It describes the geographical location of features and the relationship between them; Maps are fundamental to society
Rectangular coordinates, Scales, and Plotting accuracy are the main important factors that needs to be considered while preparing maps
Polar coordinates provide a method of rendering graphs and indicating the positions of points on a two-dimensional (2D) surface; It is not used in preparing maps
Match the list - I with a list - II
A surveyor made an error during the survey of a project which is associated with his skills and vigilance. Which type of error this surveyor has committed?
A systematic error always follows some definite mathematical or physical law and a correction can be determined and applied.
Such errors are of constant character and are regarded as positive or negative according to as they make the result too great or too small.
Blunders: A blunder (or gross error) is a significant, unpredictable mistake caused by human error that often leads to large discrepancies.
Blunders are typically the result of carelessness, miscommunication, fatigue, or poor judgment. Examples of common blunders are:
i) Improperly leveling of the surveying instrument.
ii) Setting up the instrument or target over the wrong control point.
Random (or accidental) errors are not directly related to the conditions or circumstances of the observation.
For a single measurement or a series of measurements, the error remains after all possible systematic errors and blunders have been eliminated.
Random errors are unpredictable and are often caused by factors beyond the control of the surveyor. Their occurrence, magnitude, and direction (positive or negative) cannot be predicted.
Which of the following statement is correct?
Where,
P = Pull applied during measurement
Po = Standard Pull
L = length of the tape
E = Young’s modulus of elasticity
So, when P > Po, the corrective will be positive, and the error will therefore be negative.
Match List - I (Method of Levelling) with the List-II (Property)
The moisture content of clayey soil is gradually reduced from a large value. The correct sequence of the occurrence of the limit is -
Permeability of soil is affected by
If grain size increases the permeability of soil will increase
The permeability will increase if the void ratio increases
The structural arrangement of the soil particle will influence the void ratio and thus permeability
If the void ratio and discharge velocity for soil is 0.5 and 6 × 10-7 m/s respectively, what is the value of seepage velocity (m/s)?
Given
Void ratio, e = 0.5
Discharge velocity = 6 × 10-7 m/s
In the triaxial test stress in the vertical direction is different from stress in the other two directions.
Settlement of soil under compressive force due to the expulsion of water from pores is known as -
Rankine’s theory of earth pressure suits well for _________
Consistency as applied to cohesive soils is an indicator of its:
Porosity is defined as the ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil in a given soil mass.
Which of the following represents Darcy’s friction factor in terms of Reynolds number (Re) for the laminar flow in circular pipes?
Darcy Weisbach Equation for friction losses in circular pipe
where
L = length of the pipe,
D = diameter of the circular pipe,
V = mean velocity of the flow,
f = Darcy’s friction factor = 4 × F’,
F’ = coefficient of friction
hf = head loss due to friction
For Laminar Flow
Friction Factor
For Turbulent flow
What is the specific energy (m-kg/kg) for 1 m depth of flow having velocity of 3 m/s?
Specific Energy,
Where y = depth of the flow
v = velocity of the flow
g = acceleration due to gravity
If Reynold's number of the flow is 9500, then the drag coefficient for the transition region having a particle diameter size equal to 0.5 mm can be expressed as
The Drag Coefficient has been empirically connected with Reynold's number by Thomas Camp curve as
Which one of the following is correct for impulse turbines?
The high-velocity jet issuing from the nozzle then strikes a series of suitably shaped buckets fixed around the rim of a wheel.
The buckets change the direction of the jet without changing its pressure. The resulting change in momentum sets buckets and wheel into rotary motion and thus mechanical energy is made available at the turbine shaft.
Important impulse turbines are: Pelton wheel, Turgo - impulse wheel, Girad turbine, Banki turbine and Jonval turbine, etc., Pelton wheel is predominantly used at present.
Whereas In Reaction Turbine, a part of the total available hydraulic energy is transformed into kinetic energy before the water is taken to the turbine runner. A substantial part remains in the form of pressure energy.
Match List-I (Measuring devices) with List-II (Measured parameter) and select the correct answer using the options given below the lists.
A micromanometer with an inclined tube to called a sensitive manometer. The inclined manometer is used for measuring the actual airflow and is simply a more sensitive way of using a manometer, what is of interest is still the height the fluid moves up vertically.
A Bend meter is a simple device that relies on the water moving at different velocities on the inside and outside of a bend. From the energy equation, a difference in velocity is used to calculate a measurable pressure difference.
If a hole is made at the wall and is connected to any pressure measuring device, it will then sense the static pressure at the wall. This type of hole at the wall is known as a wall pressure tap
Velocity distribution profile for laminar flow between parallel plates is:
Velocity distribution profile equation is written as:
It is a parabolic equation, So the velocity distribution is parabolic.
The Shape of the recession limbs of a hydro-graph depends on
The climatic and topographic factors mainly affect the rising limb whereas the geological factors (Basin Characteristics) determine the recession limb.
Consider the following statement:
A) Sprinkler method of irrigation has a higher water application efficiency.
B) The duty of drip irrigation is very high due to losses are least in this irrigation system.
Which of the following is/are correct?
In this method of irrigation, water is delivered through a network of pipes and pumps.
Water is available in form of the spray.
It also reduces seepage losses and other losses.
Hence, the Sprinkler method of irrigation has a higher water application efficiency.
Drip Irrigation:
This method is also called Trickling irrigation.
In this method of irrigation water is directly applied to the root zone of the plant using the drip nozzle.
Evaporation and percolation losses are considerably reduced in this method.
Hence, the duty of drip irrigation is very high.
A channel designed by Lacey's theory has a velocity of 0.88 m/sec. The silt factor is 1.1. The hydraulic mean depth will be
According to Lacey's theory, the hydraulic mean depth,
where V = velocity of the flow in the channel,
f = Lacey's silt factor
Coffer Dham is a temporary structure constructed in a river, lake, etc for excluding water from a given site (where the construction is to start) to enable the building operation to be performed on a dry surface.
It may be made of earth materials, timber or steel sheet piling, or a combination of these.
A cofferdam is neither a type of foundation nor a permanent structure to store water.
A soil sample has an exchangeable sodium percentage of 16%, its electrical conductivity is 3.3 milli – mhos /cm, and pH of 9.5. How is the soil classified?
A submerged pipe outlet is an example of
Submerged pipe outlet is a non-modular type of outlet so the discharge depends upon the water level in both the minor and well chamber.
Thus discharge through outlet can be increased by increasing HL or by increasing the depth of water in the minor. If there is any drop in the water level in the minor, the HL and discharge will decrease.
The other common examples of this type of outlet are
a) Open Sluice
b) Drowned pipe outlet
To treat water of 1 MLD, the requirement of lime is 500 ppm. If the purity of the lime is 80%, then the monthly lime requirement will be
The lime requirement is 500 ppm.
Therefore, the daily lime requirement for treating 1 MLD water will be
Since the purity of the lime is 80%, then the daily lime requirement
Monthly lime requirements will be
Which one of the following methods would be best suited for the disposal of plastic and rubber waste?
In general, pyrolysis does not involve reactions with oxygen, water, or any other reagents.
Composting: Composting of refuse is a biological method of decomposing solid waste. If the organic materials excluding plastics, leather, and rubber are separated from the solid wastes and are subjected to decomposition either aerobically or anaerobically, the remaining end product is called compost or humus. The entire process involving both the separation and bacterial conversion of the organic solid wastes is known as Composting.
Incineration is one of the most effective methods of reducing the volume and weight of solid waste by burning it in a well-designed furnace.
Among the following, which is/are not pre-treatment units?
bar screening;
straining;
comminution;
grit removal
Flow equalization chamber
Proportion tank
Neutralization for pH adjustment tank
Nutrient removal tank is the secondary treatment process.
To control vehicular pollution from exhaust of vehicles, the following is fitted:
It converts nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide & hydrocarbon like harmful products into carbon dioxide, water vapor & nitrogen gas like less harmful products.
Electrostatic precipitator: It is a device that removes suspended dust particles from a gas or exhaust by applying a high-voltage electrostatic charge and collecting the particles on charged plates.
Cyclone separators are separation devices (dry scrubbers) that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases.
A bag filter is an air pollution control device and dust collector that removes particulates out of air or gas released from commercial processes or combustion for electricity generation.
For controlling the growth of algae, the chemical generally used is:
Algae are important sources of dissolved oxygen in a water impoundment and constitute the basic building blocks of the aquatic food chain
They cause water quality problems only when they proliferate so much that they upset the ecological balance
Copper sulfate is frequently used for algal control, and sometimes it is applied on a routine basis during summer months, whether or not it is actually needed
Note: Alum is used as a coagulant in the coagulation process.
The water meter, which is installed on individual house connection, on municipal supply is:
i) Displacement
ii) Velocity
Displacement meters: This type of water meter is most often used in residential and small commercial applications and homes. Displacement meters are commonly referred to as Positive Displacement, or "PD" meters.
PD meters are generally very accurate at the low-to-moderate flow rates typical of residential and small commercial users and commonly range in size from 5/8" to 2".
Velocity meters: A velocity-type meter measures the velocity of flow through a meter of a known internal capacity. The speed of the flow can then be converted into the volume of flow to determine the usage.
Which of the following values of pH represents a stronger acid?
pH of a water sample is given by
H+ = concentration of H+ ions (mg/l)
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pH > 7, it is reported as basic
pH = 7, it is reported as neutral
This implies, the lesser the pH value, the stronger the acid is.
So, among 2 and 5,
pH = 2 represents stronger acid.
The period of cleaning of a slow sand filter is usually:
Cleaning:
For cleaning, the top layer of sand is scrapped and 1.5 to 3 cm of sand is removed in each cleaning.
The frequency of cleaning is 1 to 3 months.
The rate of filtration is 100-200 l/hr/m2 of filter area.
It is used for smaller plants in villages.
Rapid sand Filter: They consist of larger sand grains supported by gravel and capture particles throughout the bed. They are cleaned by backwashing water through the bed to 'lift out' the particles.
Cleaning:
Cleaning of the filter can also be done using surface wash but it should be accompanied by backwash.
Washing period = 24 to 48 hrs.
Non-circular and circular sewers are hydraulically equal when:
Two cross-sections will be hydraulically equal when the hydraulic mean depth of the two is the same.
The hydraulic mean depth is given by:
This implies if the two cross-sections have the same ratio of wetted area to wetted perimeter, then it is said to be hydraulically equal.
Which among the following metals is toxic to humans.
The permissible limit of mercury is less than 0.001 mg/l i.e., at very small concentrations elemental form of mercury is toxic to the central and peripheral nervous systems of humans
Mercury inhalation can damage respiratory systems and hamper lungs and kidneys
The ruling radius of the horizontal curve on a highway with a design speed of 65 kmph, considering allowable superelevation to be 7% and lateral friction as 0.12
The ruling radius of the horizontal curve on a highway, Ruling =
where, e = allowable superelevation
f = coefficient of lateral friction
Modulus of subgrade reaction using 30 cm diameter plates is obtained as 200 N/cm3. The value of the same (in N/cm3) using the standard plate will be
K1D1 = K2D2
200 × 30 = K2 × 75
K2 = 80 kg/cm2
The net area of round bars to resist the tension, is the area of the cross-section at
Note: The shearing of rods can take place in the threaded portion of the rod and so the area at the root of the threads, also called the tensile stress area. Since threads can occur in the shear plane, the area for resisting shear should normally be taken as the net tensile stress area, ATnet, of the bars.
As per IS 800:2007, in a bolted joint, to ensure that the effect of bending stress is less than the specified value in the code, the grip length should be
As per IS 800:2007, in a bolted joint to ensure that the effect of bending stress is less than the specified value in the code, the grip length, Lg [/ngtr?] 5d
where d = diameter of the bolt
To take care of additional bending stress developed in the connection,
5d < Lg < 8d
If Lg > 8d then the section should be redesigned.
A structure has two degrees of indeterminacy. The number of plastic hinges that would be formed at complete collapse is
Therefore,
Number of plastic hinges = Degree of indeterminacy + 1
Number of plastic hinges = 2 + 1 = 3
A flat plate is welded to a gusset plate by a fillet weld of size 10 mm. The angle between the fusion faces and the effective length of the weld is 85° and 300 mm respectively. If the axial factored load acting on the plate is 250 kN, then the average shear stress produced in the weld is
Factored load-carrying capacity of the weld,
P = permissible shear stress in the weld(fy) × effective area of the weld the effective area of the weld = effective length of the weld(Leff)× throat thickness(Tt)
Therefore, P = fy × Leff × Tt
since, the angle between the fusion faces is 85°, Tt = 0.7 × size of the weld
Due to combined bearing stress(fbr), bending stress (fb), and shear stresses (q) under most unfavorable conditions of loading in butt weld, the equivalent stress can be written as
As per IS 800: 2007 due to combined bearing stress(fbr), bending stress (fb), and shear stresses (q) under most unfavorable conditions of loading in butt weld, the equivalent stress (fe) can be written as provided that equivalent stress(fe) should not exceed the value allowed for the parent metals.
The effective length of a structural steel compression member of length L effectively held in position and restrained against rotation at one end but neither held in a position nor restrained against rotation at the other end is
The main objective of compaction of concrete is:
Compaction improves the fluidity of concrete and with the reduction of internal friction, packing of coarse aggregates take place
A well-compacted concrete is free of the loose pockets and air bubbles of entrapped air
The main purpose of compaction of concrete is to get a dense mass without voids, to get the concrete to surround all reinforcement, and to fill all corners i.e. to provide intimate contact between the concrete and embedded materials
The process of striking off the excess concrete to bring the top surface up to proper grade is known as:
Floating: It is the process of removing the irregularities on the surface of the concrete which is left after screeding.
Trowelling: Trowelling is the final operation of finishing. It provides a smoother finish that is hard and abrasion-resistant.