Test: Natural Calamities - 1 - Class 5 MCQ

• An earthquake happens when the Earth's crust shakes due to movements deep inside the Earth.
• These movements can be caused by the shifting of large sections of the Earth called tectonic plates.
• Earthquakes can damage buildings and sometimes cause other natural disasters like tsunamis or landslides.

Deep within the Earth, there is magma, a hot molten rock.

• Magma is found beneath the Earth's surface.
• This molten rock forms when solid rock melts.
• It plays a crucial role in volcanic activity.
• As it cools, it can form igneous rocks.

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• Floods happen when heavy rain causes rivers or lakes to overflow.
• This can lead to water covering land where it normally does not, damaging homes and roads.

A seismograph is used to measure earthquakes. Here's why:

• A seismograph detects and records the vibrations from an earthquake.
• It helps determine the magnitude and location of the earthquake.
• The data collected is crucial for understanding seismic activity and ensuring safety.

• Tsunamis are large waves caused by underwater disturbances such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions.
• They can cause significant damage to coastal areas, and can be particularly dangerous because they can travel long distances from the source of the disturbance.

Mangroves are effective for protection against tsunamis. Here’s why:

• Wave Energy Reduction: Their dense roots and foliage absorb and reduce wave energy.
• Soil Stabilisation: Their roots bind soil, preventing erosion.
• Natural Barriers: They act as barriers, slowing down water flow and debris.

Volcanoes that have not erupted for thousands of years and are not expected to erupt again are known as extinct volcanoes.

The solution to identifying the inactive volcano is as follows:

• Mount Fuji is an active volcano located in Japan.
• Mount Vesuvius is known for the eruption that destroyed Pompeii. It is still active.
• Mount Erebus is an active volcano in Antarctica.
• Mount Pope is not known to be an active volcano.

Thus, Mount Pope is the correct answer as it is not an active volcano.

Wars are not considered natural calamities because:

• Natural calamities are caused by natural processes like earthquakes or floods.
• Wars are human-made events resulting from conflicts between groups or nations.
• They involve deliberate actions and decisions, unlike natural disasters.

While fires can be caused by natural events such as lightning strikes, they are typically not considered natural calamities because they are often caused by human actions such as carelessness or arson.

• Floods are a type of natural calamity that is caused by an overflow of water.
• This can occur due to heavy rainfall, melting snow, or the overflow of rivers and lakes.

• Earthquakes are caused by the movement of the earth's tectonic plates.
• When these plates move, they can cause the ground to shake, resulting in damage to buildings and other structures.

• Cyclones are a type of natural calamity that is caused by high-speed winds.
• These winds can cause damage to buildings and other structures, and can also result in flooding due to heavy rainfall.

• Volcanic eruptions are a type of natural calamity that are caused by the release of molten rock, ash, and gas from a volcano.
• These eruptions can cause damage to buildings and other structures, as well as result in landslides and tsunamis.

Landslides can cause several environmental issues, including:

• Floods: When a landslide occurs, it can block rivers and streams, leading to water accumulation and flooding.