Test: Blood (NCERT) - NEET MCQ

The correct option is C The recipient’s serum should not contain the antibodies against the RBCs of the donor
“A” and “B” are the two surface antigens that are present on the surface of the RBCs. If antigen “A” is found on the RBCs, then anti-B antibodies are developed in the plasma of that individual. If antigen “B” is found on the RBCs, then that individual tends to develop anti-A antibodies in the plasma. The blood transfusion should be done in such a way that the recipient’s serum (plasma without the clotting factors) does not contain antibodies against the antigens present on the surface of the RBCs of the donor. The blood of the donor should properly match with the blood of the recipient. Otherwise, it will result in the destruction or clumping of the red blood cells.

Line in NCERT: "The recipient's serum should not contain the antibodies against the red blood corpuscles of the donor."

The correct answer is blood serum.

Explanation:

• Blood serum is the liquid part of the blood that remains after coagulation has occurred, meaning the clotting factors (like fibrinogen) have been removed. Because serum lacks these clotting factors, it does not coagulate.

• Blood from the pulmonary artery, whole blood from the pulmonary vein, and blood plasma all contain clotting factors and can coagulate under the right conditions.

Therefore, the substance that will not coagulate is blood serum.

Final Answer: 1 (Blood serum)

• Plasma, which is an element of blood, constitutes 55% of it.
• The rest 45% consists of the formed elements-the RBCs, the WBCs and the blood platelets.
• Plasma is straw colored and a viscous fluid.

Line in NCERT: "Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55 per cent of the blood."

During first pregnancy, Rh antigens of the foetus do not get exposed to the Rh -ve blood of the mother as the two bloods are well separated by placenta. However, at the time of delivery, there are chances of exposure of the maternal blood to small amounts of Rh +ve blood of the foetus. Thus mother's body starts preparing antibodies against Rh antigens in her blood. In case of subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antbodies from the mother can leak into the blood of the Rh +ve foetus and destroy the foetal RBCS This could be fatal for the foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice. This condition is called erythroblastosis foetalis.

Line in NCERT: "An Rh-ve person, if exposed to Rh+ve blood, will form specific antibodies against the Rh antigens."

The diagram shows the different types of blood cells.
The label A refers to eosinophils. The nucleus of these cells is bilobed. They are involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
The label B refers to monocytes. They have a kidney-shaped nucleus.
The label C refers to neutrophils. They have a multilobed nucleus. the monocytes and neutrophils are involved in phagocytosis.
The label D refers to lymphocytes. They have a large circular nucleus. They form the immune T cells and B cells.

Line in NCERT: "Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are different types of granulocytes, while lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes."

The structure given in option 'b' is of basophil. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin, etc. and are involved in inflammatory reactions. The structure given in option'a is of neutrophil. Its percentage is 40-70%. The structure given in option 'cis of eosinophil. Its percentage is 1-6%. The structure given in option 'd' is of monocyte. Its percentage is 2-10% and is phagocytic in function.

Line in NCERT: "From the above mentioned table it is evident that group 'O' blood can be donated to persons with any other blood group and hence 'O' group individuals are called ‘universal donors'. Persons with ‘AB' group can accept blood from persons with AB as well as the other groups of blood. Therefore, such persons are called 'universal recipients'."

Plasma contains small amounts of minerals like Na⁺,Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, HCO₃^- Cl^- etc.

Line in NCERT: "90-92 per cent of plasma is water and proteins contribute 6-8 per cent of it." "Plasma without the clotting factors is called serum." "Glucose, amino acids, lipids, etc., are also present in the plasma as they are always in transit in the body." "Plasma also contains small amounts of minerals like Na*, Ca++, Mg++, HCO3, Cl-, etc."

(i) for O blood group the antigens are absent on the RBCs, III) the plasma therefore contains antibodies for both antigen A and antigen B, 
(ii) for AB blood group the surface of RBC has both antigen A and B, therefore no antibodies in the plasma. 
(iv) the donor group of O is only O group.
So, the correct answer is 'i - Nil, ii - Nil, iii - Anti-A, B, iv - O'

Line in NCERT: "From the above mentioned table it is evident that group 'O' blood can be donated to persons with any other blood group and hence 'O' group individuals are called ‘universal donors’."

Neutrophils (60-65%) → Lymphocytes (20-25%) → Monocytes (6-8%) → Acidophils (2-3%) → Basophils (0.5-1%).

Line in NCERT: "Neutrophils are the most abundant cells (60-65 per cent) of the total WBCs and basophils are the least (0.5-1 per cent) among them. Eosinophils (2-3 per cent) resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions. Lymphocytes (20-25 per cent) are of 'B' and 'T' forms."

Blood platelets are cell fragments rather than true cells, they are formed from megakaryocytes (very large cells of bone marrow).

Line in NCERT: "Neutrophils are the most abundant cells (60-65 per cent) of the total WBCs and basophils are the least (0.5-1 per cent) among them." "Platelets also called thrombocytes, are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow)." "Fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive fibrinogens in the plasma by the enzyme thrombin." "Thrombins, in turn are formed from another inactive substance present in the plasma called prothrombin."

Persons with blood group 'O' (with no antigens on RBCs) are known as universal donors as they can donate Bblood to any person of any blood group of ABO system.
Thus the blood group of the donor must be 'O' which can be safely donated to the patient as the patient's body will not produce any antibody against the persons's blood.

Persons having blood group AB, do not have antibodies in their plasma, therefore, they are universal recipients.

Line in NCERT: "Therefore, such persons are called 'universal recipients'."

• Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytic white blood cells or leukocytes.
• These cells engulf and destroy foreign particles and various pathogenic organisms by the process of phagocytosis.

Line in NCERT: "Neutrophils and monocytes (6-8 per cent) are phagocytic cells which destroy foreign organisms entering the body."

- Statement i is incorrect because erythrocytes are not nucleated; they lack a nucleus.

- Statement ii is correct as it accurately states the normal range of erythrocytes in a healthy adult.

- Statement iii is correct; neutrophils indeed make up 60-65% of the total WBC count.

- Statement iv is incorrect; leucocytes do not contain haemoglobin, which is specific to erythrocytes.

Thus, the only correct statements are ii and iii, leading to Option A as the correct answer.

Line in NCERT: "A healthy adult man has, on an average, 5 millions to 5.5 millions of RBCs mm3 of blood." "Neutrophils are the most abundant cells (60-65 per cent) of the total WBCs."

- Statement i is incorrect; basophils are the least abundant type of WBCs, not the most.

- Statement ii is correct as eosinophils do resist infections and make up 2-3% of total WBCs.

- Statement iii is incorrect; while erythrocytes do have an average lifespan of around 120 days, they are destroyed in the spleen, not the liver.

- Statement iv is correct; Neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytic cells which destroy foreign organisms entering the body.

Thus, the correct statements are ii and iv, leading to Option A as the correct answer.

Line in NCERT: "Neutrophils are the most abundant cells (60-65 per cent) of the total WBCs and basophils are the least (0.5-1 per cent) among them. Neutrophils and monocytes (6-8 per cent) are phagocytic cells which destroy foreign organisms entering the body. Eosinophils (2-3 per cent) resist infections and are also associated with allergic reactions."